treatment of septage using lab-scale hybrid constructed wetland system

A lab based hybrid constructed wetland system (1.645 m2) consisting of sludge drying bed (0.135 m2), vertical sub-surface flow bed (0.58 m2), and horizontal sub-surface flow bed (0.93 m2) was operated for the treatment of septage. all the beds were filled with gravels of varied sizes (5-40 mm), sand (0.25 mm) and planted with canna indica l. average concentration in influent and effluent was observed as; bod5 (2395.6±1196.4 and 41.87±8.9 mg/l), cod (7442± 7342.6 and 29.6±7.6 mg/l), tss (4965.9±801.69 and 336.1±152.9 mg/l), tn (1774.8±693.5 and 55.7±13.7 mg/l), and total p (849.3±237.7 and 7.05±3.5mg/l) during study period. hybrid system was operated with high influent loads of bod5 (175.2± 87.5 g m-2 d-1), cod (544.5±537 g m-2 d-1), tss (363.3±58.6 g m-2 d-1), total n (129.8±50.7 g m-2 d-1), nh4-n (7.8±1.1 g m-2 d-1), and total p (62.1±17.4 g m-2 d-1), throughout the study period. hybrid-cw has showed significant removal of bod5 (99.1±0.3%), cod (99.7±0.3%), ts (98.2±6.8%), tss (96.9±4.9%), total n (98.4±0.4 %), nh4-n (94.8±0.1%), and total p (99.6±0.1%) from the septage. finally treated septage met effluent discharge standards for all parameters except bod5.