evaluation of the temporomandibular disorders after orthognathic surgeries: a review

Objective: maxillofacial orthognathic surgery is performed to repair or correct the skeletal anomalies of the jaw and its associated dental and facial structures. there is a conflict on whether orthognathic surgery has a negative or positive effect on temporomandibular disorders (tmd). the aim of this study is to review the disorders of the temporomandibular joint after orthognathic surgery. materials and methods: data for this review was obtained from the articles published between 2010-2020 via pubmed, google scholar, web of sciences, and scopus engines. the content keywords matched those used in pubmed and mesh engines. based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria; 27 articles were included. results: most of the selected articles were retrospective reviews and performed on class ii and class iii patients. ages ranged from 19- 47 years. pain reduction was reported in 11 studies, while 8 studies reported a click reduction post orthognathic operation. in 2 studies, decreased joint noises was reported after orthognathic operation, and 7 articles reported a decrease in maximum mouth opening. three studies reported a bilateral sagittal split osteotomy (bsso) and in one study, reduced and improved symptoms after le fort i + (bsso) were reported. one study exhibited that bsso orthognathic surgery is less predictable in reducing tmd symptoms in retrognathic patients. three articles showed that orthognathic patients with tmj click have a high predictive value. conclusion: to accomplish accurate results regarding temporomandibular joint disorders post orthognathic surgery; a larger number of subjects and clinical trial studies are required, as well as extended long term follow-up.