Reference Point and Confirming Points Two Important Guides in Treatment of Panfacial Fractures of Panfacial Fx: A Case Report

A therapeutic challenge to maxillofacial surgeons is management of panfacial fractures, especiallywhen treating multiple comminuted bone fractures. one of the most important goals in thesefractures is achieve and stablish a correct occlusal relationship of the mandibular-maxillary unitin parallel with the proper positioning of the jaws with the skull base and other facial units. also,it is important to prevent long-term sequelae such as facial asymmetry, enophthalmos, and malocclusionthat could be caused by inadequate correction. to achieve all these goals some usualguides of management are proposed as follow: “bottom to up”, “top to down”, “outside to inside,” or“inside to outside”. we present 3 cases of panfacial fracture and the proposed methods were basedon different sequences of management with introducing “reference point” as the most intact areato determine the management concept & “confirming point” as the areas that should be reducedand fixed completely. these points act as an orientation aid during surgery and aid to successfullyrestore the entire face contour and maxillomandibular occlusion and also to improves surgicalprocedure.