ارزیابی سلامت نهرهای کبودوال، شیرآباد و زرین گل، استان گلستان با استفاده از شاخص های زیستی

ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎی رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ای در اﺛﺮ دﺧﺎﻟﺖ و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎی اﻧﺴﺎن، ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ اراﺋﻪ ﻣﻮﺛﺮ و ﭘﺎﯾﺪار ﺧﺪﻣﺎت رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ (ﺷﺎﻣﻞ آب ﺷﺮب، ﺗﺼﻔﯿﻪ آب، اﻧﺮژی، ﺟﺬب ﻣﻮاد آﻟﯽ، ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻣﻮاد ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ، ﺗﻔﺮﯾﺢ و زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن و ﺟﺎﻧﻮران) ﻣﺨﺘﻞ ﮔﺮدد. ﺑﺮای ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻠﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮات ﻣﺨﺮب ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎی اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ، ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ درﺟﻪ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻌﯿﺎرﻫﺎی اﺳﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﺪﻧﻈﺮ ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﻫﺎی ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ آب اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﻧﻬﺮﻫﺎی ﮐﺒﻮدال و ﺷﯿﺮآﺑﺎد و رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ زرﯾﻦ ﮔﻞ در اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ ﺑﯽ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎن ﮐﻔﺰی اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻮاﻧﻊ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد و اﻣﮑﺎن دﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ 5 اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه در ﻧﻬﺮ ﮐﺒﻮدوال و 3 اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه در ﻧﻬﺮ ﺷﯿﺮآﺑﺎد و ﺗﻌﺪاد 10 اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه در ﻧﻬﺮ زرﯾﻦ ﮔﻞ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداری ﺑﺰرگ ﺑﯽ ﻣﻬﺮﮔﺎن ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداری ﺳﻮرﺑﺮ در دوره ای ﻓﺼﻠﯽ در ﻃﻮل ﯾﮑﺴﺎل اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺳﭙﺲ ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﻫﺎی ﺗﻨﻮع زﯾﺴﺘﯽ آﻟﻔﺎ، ﺑﺘﺎ و ﭼﻨﺪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮه ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺳﻼﻣﺖ ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﭘﺴﺎب ﻣﺰارع ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻬﯽ ﺑﺮ روی ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ آب رودﺧﺎﻧﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮری ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻮادهﻫﺎی ﺣﺴﺎس ﺑﻪ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ در اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎهﻫﺎی ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻣﺰارع ﭘﺮورش ﻣﺎﻫﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ و ﺑﺎﻋﺚ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﺧﺎﻧﻮادهﻫﺎی ﻣﻘﺎوم ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﻬﺮﻫﺎی اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن ﻋﻤﻮﻣﺎً ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮑﯽ را ﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﮐﺮده و ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ ﺿﻌﯿﻒ ﭘﯿﺶ ﻣﯽ روﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ روﻧﺪ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ اﮐﻮﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎی ﮐﻨﺎر ﻧﻬﺮ و ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ ﻫﺎی ﮐﺸﺎورزی و آﺑﺰی ﭘﺮوری، ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ رﺳﺪ اﯾﻦ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ را در آﯾﻨﺪه ﭘﯿﺶ رو ﺧﻮاﻫﯿﻢ داﺷﺖ.

Health assessment of Zarrin Gol River, Kaboudwal and Shirabad Streams in Golestan province using biological indices

The aim of this study was to evaluate the health of Kabudal and Shirabad Streams and Zarrin Gol River in Golestan Province using biological indices (benthic invertebrate community). Aquatic invertebrates are one of the most important and beneficial organisms in biological monitoring. In this study, based on the existing barriers and the possibility of access to the river, 5 stations in Kaboudwal Stream, 3 stations in Shirabad Stream and 10 stations in Zarrin Gol River were determined. In order to sample large benthic invertebrates using a surber sampler with dimensions of 30.5 30 30.5 cm and with 3 replications in each station seasonally in a period of one year (20182019) were collected and identified based on reliable identification keys. Then alpha, beta and multivariate biodiversity indices of water quality health assessment were studied. The results of this study showed that the effluent of fish farms had a significant effect on river water quality so that the percentage of pollutionsensitive families in the stations after fish farms decreased and increased the frequency of resistant families. The streams of Golestan province generally experience moderate ecological conditions and move towards poor conditions, which with the increasing trend of destruction of ecosystems along riparian zone and the impact of agricultural and aquaculture activities, it seems that we will have these conditions in the future.