بررسی ویژگی ‌های روان ‌سنجی مقیاس ایمنی هیجانی در نظام خانواده در دانش آموزان مقطع متوسطه

مفهوم ایمنی هیجانی بر اساس نظریه ی davies and cummings (1994) و cummings and davies (1996) به حالتی گفته می‌شود که فرزندان ارزیابی ایمن، مثبت و پایداری از روابط خانواده در‌ مواجهه با هر گونه واقعه ی استرس‌زا دارند. این پژوهش با هدف تعیین روایی، اعتبار و ساختار عاملی مقیاس ایمنی هیجانی (forman and davies, 2005) در دانش آموزان مقطع متوسطه انجام شد. بدین منظور 503 نفر از دانش آموزان مقطع متوسطه ی شهر بوشهر به صورت روش نمونه گیری تصادفی خوشه ای چند مرحله ای انتخاب شدند. برای احراز روایی مقیاس ایمنی هیجانی در نظام خانواده از روایی سازه (تحلیل عاملی تاییدی) و برای بررسی پایایی نیز از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ و پایایی سازه ای در نرم افزارهای spss و amos استفاده شد. شاخص های نیکویی برازش مدل مذکور را تایید کردند (2.99=x2/df، 0.96=gfi، 0.90=agfi، 0.92=cfi، 0.95=nfi، 0.70=pcfi، 0.06=rmsea و 0.24=pciose). نتایج پژوهش وجود سه عامل ایمنی، مشغله ی ذهنی و کناره‌گیری را در مقیاس ایمنی هیجانی در نظام خانواده مورد تایید قرار داد. شاخص های آلفای کرونباخ مولفه های ایمنی (0.81)، مشغله ی ذهنی (0.75) و کناره‌گیری (0.74) نیز مطلوب محاسبه گردید. لذا در مجموع می توان نتیجه گرفت که مقیاس ایمنی هیجانی در نظام خانواده برای سنجش ایمنی هیجانی دانش آموزان ایرانی ابزاری معتبر و مفید در پژوهش های روان شناختی است و می تواند در پژوهش های مرتبط با ایمنی هیجانی در نظام خانواده مورد استفاده قرار گیرد.

examination of the psychometric properties of the emotional security scale in the family system in high school students

the main goal of everyone is to obtain security and peace; people are constantly trying to reach a state of peace and security throughout their lives in the dynamic and constant process of decisions (blatz, 1967). in the process of human development, the concept of security is one of the most challenging concepts. however, what most theorists and researchers agree on is that attachment is one of the main sources of security (bowlby, 1980). one of the theories that specifically deals with the issue of psychological security is the attachment theory. in addition to paying attention to dynamic unconscious processes, this theory pays special attention to real interpersonal experiences and the emotional and cognitive consequences of these relationships as factors affecting mental health (mikulincer, shaver, 2019, cited in drogar et al., 2020). the concept of emotional security, as a result of bowlby’s (1980) writings, has been associated with attachment theory for many years, and the study of emotional security, regardless of its connection with attachment theory, has been forgotten in psychological research for more than 20 years. this concept reappeared in 1994 when davis and cummings (1994) published the emotional security theory in psychological bulletin. in this article, the authors used the attachment theory and suggested that emotional insecurity may be influenced by other factors such as conflicts between parents and parent-child relationships based on the belief which advocates that insecure attachment originates from negative bonds between parents and infants (davies cummings, 1994). hence, a securely attached child assumes that he is emotionally secure because of the appropriate attachment (cummings davies, 1996).although there have been extensive theories and research studies in the field of emotional security, most of these studies are conducted in the framework of the theory of attachment styles and the instruments that have been made to measure these styles (davies martin, 2013). therefore, the need for the development and use of instruments specific to the field of emotional security is well felt. the review of the literature shows the limitations of the instruments in this regard. one of these instruments which is based on the concept of emotional security (davies cummings, 1994) was developed by forman and davies (2005). emotional security is defined as a state in which children have a secure, positive, and stable evaluation of family relationships in the face of stressful events (cummings davies, 1996; davies cummings, 1994). it includes the three components of security, mental preoccupation, and withdrawal. the security component refers to the child’s trust in the family as a source of support and security; the preoccupation component refers to the child’s concern for the future and well-being of himself and his family; the withdrawal component refers to the child’s effort to get rid of family conflicts or to marginalize them (forman davies, 2005). therefore, according to the necessity of valid instruments to measure emotional security, this study sought to find out if the emotional security scale (forman davies, 2005) had appropriate validity and reliability in the sample of high school students. it is worth mentioning that the belonging and emotional security tool (best) of casey family services was validated on second-year high school iranian students. it includes 25 items which measure the two factors of emotional security and belonging (shadaei et al., 2016). however, the instrument used in the current research study is different from the mentioned instrument due to the ease of implementation and the variety of factors.