investigating the structural model of the effect of problem-solving skills on learning difficulties by separating male and female students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) with the mediating role of social cognition

Background: neurodevelopmental disorders manifest as a range of conditions during development, impacting the brain’s function, structure, and growth. objectives: resulting in cognitive deficits and challenges in adaptation for children. this study examines how problem-solving skills contribute to learning disabilities in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, distinguishing between boys and girls and considering the mediating influence of social cognition.methods: the current study employed a descriptive-correlational approach with a cross-sectional research design, utilizing structural equation modeling (sem) and multi-group analysis techniques. the study aimed to explore male and female students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (adhd) in tehran from july to october 2023. a sample of 134 adolescents was selected using purposive sampling. the research tools included the problem-solving inventory (psi), colorado learning difficulties questionnaire (cldq), and student social cognition questionnaire (shad). the researchers performed descriptive statistics analysis with spss version 27 and utilized smartpls version 4 for path analysis and multi-group analysis (mga). the study considered a significance level of 0.05.results: according to the research findings, problem-solving skills had a significant negative impact on learning difficulties, with girls being affected more than boys. the difference between the two genders was statistically significant (p = 0.029). further analysis revealed that social cognition only acted as a mediator in reducing learning difficulties in girls. conclusion: based on the results of this study, it appears essential to focus on problem-solving skills to decrease learning disabilities and enhance social cognition in students diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.