The Relationship Between Per Capita Income and Environmental Pollution: the Environmental Kuznets Curve Application For Countries By Income Level

The environmental kuznets curve (ekc), which is suggesting an inverted-u shape relationship between income growth and environmental pollution, is important example to studies with depending to increasing environmental pollution in recent years. this study which does analyzes the validity of the hypothesis of ekc differs from other studies in the literature, the countries to analysis separated by income levels and using the n2o and ch4 for pollution variable as well as co2. in this study, co2, n2o, ch4, gdp per capita, energy consumption per capita, and population density annual data were compiled between 1980 and 2012, for total 157 countries which is formed as low-income (31), mid-income (79), and high-income (47) groups. with panel data models, total 12 models were estimated for stated 3 income group, and all the countries. as a result of estimates; three models show n shape relation, between the economic growth and environmental pollution.