پهنه‌بندی آسیب‌پذیری اکولوژیکی استان کرمان برای توسعۀ پایدار صنعت با استفاده از روش Ahp

در این پژوهش و در راستای توسعۀ پایدار صنعت در استان کرمان، آسیب‌پذیری اکولوژیکی این استان مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. بنابراین در ابتدا لایه‌های اطلاعاتی موجود (شیب، ارتفاع، عمق خاک، جنس سنگ، دوری و نزدیکی به گسل، سیل‌خیزی و پوشش زمین) بر اساس نظر کارشناسی از لحاظ میزان حساسیت به آسیب‌پذیری کدگذاری شده و در گام بعدی همۀ لایه‌های مربوط، در محیط arcgis بر اساس زمینۀ کد تعلق‌گرفته به آن‌ها، تبدیل به نقشه‌هایی با فرمت رستر با یک شبکۀ یکنواخت با وضوح 100 متر شدند. سپس با استفاده از تکنیک تحلیل سلسله‌مراتبی لایه‌ها وزن‌دار شده و در نهایت با یکدیگر تلفیق شدند. نتایج نشان داد که حدود 14.7درصد استان کرمان آسیب‌پذیر با شدت زیاد و خیلی زیاد می‌باشد که دلیل عمدۀ این امر وجود ارتفاعات، گسل‌ها و عمق خاک نامناسب منطقه است. همچنین در بررسی شهرستان‌ها مشخص شد که در بین شهرستان‌های استان کرمان، شهرستان جیرفت نسبت به مساحت دربرگیرنده، بیشترین آسیب‌پذیری را دارد که علت این امر وجود چندین گسل، ارتفاعات و شیب زیاد منطقه است. بنابراین باید در برنامه‌ریزی‌های آتی به این امر توجه ویژه شود.

Zoning of Ecological Vulnerability of Kerman Province to Achieve Sustainable Industrial Development Using AHP Technigue

Introduction: Vulnerability of people and places is a complex phenomenon has been created as a result of human and environment interaction during the ages. The concept of vulnerability addresses the probability of being destructed or damaged of a society, structure, service or a geographical area due to a specific danger. Nowadays there is frequent demand for settling industrial infrastructures in disadvantaged area, where employment is necessary, considering vulnerability of such areas and limitations of available resources for development purposes, therefore; comprehensive and integrated planning in is essential in order to conservation of resources and defining vulnerability of ecosystem. There are different methods for assessment of ecological vulnerability. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is one of the common tools for this purpose. AHP is based on the premise that solutions for complex problems could be achieved if the complex structure effectively turned to simple and understandable structures. Since AHP has many desirable properties, it has been widely used in numerous quantitative researches including nature, society, economy and environmental vulnerability studies. Materials and Methods: In this research, following statistics, data, information, maps and software in temporal and spatial scales are used:DEM map of the study area obtained from Iran Survey Organization, as well as maps of soil depth, rock type, faults, flooding and land cover of the study area obtained from Management and Planning Organization with 1:100000 scale.Also AHP, Expert Choice and GIS (version 10.3) have used in this study. The purpose of the current research is assessment of ecological vulnerability of Kerman Province toward industrial sustainable development. As the first step, available information layers (slope, elevation, soil depth, rock type, and distance from faults, flooding risk and land cover) are coded according to sensitivity to vulnerability and then all the layers are transformed to raster maps with uniform 100 meter resolution gird using ArcGIS based on their assigned codes. Using hierarchical analysis technique, the layers are weighted and integrated. Results: According to the final map which obtained from integration of seven previous maps, 19, 28.3, 27.9, 12.5 and 2.2 % of the study area are classified in terms of vulnerability respectively as very low, low, moderate, high and very high. This confirms that generally the study area has good or relatively good ecological resistance. The results demonstrated that Jiroft city has the highest vulnerability, while Rudbare Jonub, Kahnooj, Shahre Babak and Kuhbanan have the lowest vulnerability. Discussion and Conclusion: The results revealed that Kerman Province has mostly good or relatively good ecological resistance. Placement of industries depends on a variety of parameters such as terrestrial, climatic and socialeconomic issues. According to every single of these parameters, it is possible to determine environmental vulnerability in different regions. In this study, physical parameters were solely considered as the main locating frame in Kerman Province, and assessment of environmental vulnerability is carried out on that, using different software, as discussed in the research method. The results of this research can be used easily by managers and planners in both industrial and environmental sectors of the province, and this will enable them to address minimum environmental indicators for development purposes. It is hoped that this will improve environmental indicators and also will bring sustainable industrial development in the region.