اخلاق محیطی و بیماری کرونا

هدف اصلی این مقاله تحلیل رابطه غیرمنطقی انسان با محیط به عنوان عامل اصلی شیوع بیماری کرونا است. اکثر محققین و صاحب نظران معتقدند که بیماری کرونا عکس العمل و اخطار طبیعت به رفتارهای مخرب انسان است. برای این منظور ابتدا تئوری های حاکم بر روابط انسان و محیط مانند تئوری گایا و پوش مرز مارکوف بررسی شد. بر اساس این تئوری ها آثار خرابکاری های انسان در محیط طبیعی بررسی شد و سپس عکس العمل های این رفتار ها در جامعه انسانی شرح داده شدند. با استناد به کارهای محققین متعدد مشخص شد که رفتار انسان در طبعت ویرانگر بوده است و اثرات آنها هم در خود جامعه انسانی مشاهده شده اند. برای کنترل موثر مشکل کرونا دیدگاه اخلاق محیطی انتخاب شد. بدین منظور نظریه های اخلاقی و فلسفه های حاکم بر رابطه انسان با محیط شرح داده شدند. برمبنای این نظریه ها و با عنایت به طرح سلامت واحد برنامه محیط زیست سازمان ملل، راهبرد رعایت ارزش انسانی و اخلاقیات محیطی انتخاب شدند. این نظریه ها برای محیط ارزش ذاتی قائلاند و بر این باورند که انسان باید در جهت گیری رفتار خود به سمت خوبی ها، درستی و انصاف را رعایت کند. خود انسان نیز باید دراثر تمرین مفاهیم انسانی شایسته به کرامت والای انسانی برسد. لازمه تحقق این مهم، متصف شدن به ارزش هایی مانند پایداری محیط، مصرف به اندازه نیاز بدن،رژیم گیاهی، فاصله گیری محیطی، حرمت به حقوق محیط و... است. رسیدن به این منزلت اخلاقی نیز از طریق آموزش و تربیتدرست امکان پذیر است. به یقین بار بسیار سنگین این مسئولیت بر عهده سازمان ها و نهادهای آموزشی در سرتاسر جهان است.

environmental ethics and corona virus

corona virus pandemic outbreak is the counter act and warning of the natural environment for the destructive activities of man in the nature. many researchers and specialists believe that  a risk free and sustainable life is possible if we correct our behavior toward the nature. this research was carried out to substantiate this hypothesis and offer a reasonable and rationale solution. it is believed that the best way to solve this problem is the environmental ethics. many other ways such as technology have been proposed, but until the mind and thought of man has not changed to good relation with the nature, it is not possible to reach a viable solution. for this end, the integrated system of earth was analyzed to understand mechanism of the relation between nature and human. two supportive theories of markov blanket and gaia were addressed here to explain the relation between nature and society. according to these theories the system of earth and society is live and any change in one will mirror itself on the other. as a result, the society models itself to the nature in long run. this means that to have a healthy society we should have a healthy nature and environment. thus, the unep has suggested the integrated one health program to save nature, humans and animals at the same time.       the distortions of the earth during the past 70 years were sampled and described as the footprints of mankind. some examples of environmental disorders such as climate change, droughts, floods and diseases were analyzed and their impacts on the society were displayd.   in order to demonstrate the environmental ethics as the only solution to the current crises, first the ethics in general were discussed and then the environmental ethics were given a thorough explanation. different underpinning philosophies are presented and accordingly different approaches to the nature such as development, preservation and conservation were discussed. a new philosophy, geocentrism, was suggested as the suitable and efficient thought. according to this philosophy it is the distributions which are in the forefront of human destruction. therefore, we should try not to disturb the distributions of any kind. these include all ecosystems of any scale; because emphasizing on the ecosystems is not sufficient. the geocentrism philosophy covers all non - anthropocentrism philosophies such as biocentrism and ecocentrism. of the different approaches, the conservation was selected as it assumes intrinsic value for the nature and sustainability of resources for ever.         to solve the problem and bring the earth system to sustainable state, the environmental ethics should be implemented. in terms of moral values, these include truth, good, duty and justice. the mankind should characterize himself with these genuine characters. he should do his duty as not making problem to the life of any creature; this being human, plant, animal or rock and soil and etc. he should do the good and justice. on the objective side, he should give intrinsic value for every creature on the earth including the environment and its components. in this way, we treat the environment with respect and dignity and not let ourselves to destroy or damage it. however, to achieve these goals we should use resources only as much as we need biologically, consider the long run benefits instead of short term benefits, treat the nature as having intrinsic value, implement the environmental distance from wild life, using vegetarian diet.      one important notice is the nature of human who we are asking to do these mandatories. are we sure that what we are ordering human will be done by him. if he does not do then none of these comments is valuable. therefore, we first should understand the humans and educate them to accept our orders. this is why that the ethics become important. we should train moral humans and then ask them to do. he will do only when he gets overarching and believed knowledge   about the subjects we are offering. the main reason for the distortion of the nature is that the humans are not aware of the value of nature and the long run results of their actions. this is possible only through the good and responsible training of man. we are now missing this education. in brief, we understand that the main solution for the destruction of nature is empowering the humans with morals, especially environmental ethics. but to implement this objective, at the first point we need a wise and understandable human. therefore, first we should train people and ask them to act as a moral and generous person and care for the nature and all creatures of the universe.  key words: corona virus, covid-19, sustainability, environmental ethics, human-nature relation, markov blanket, natural resources, unep one health program, gaia, anthroposcene.