آشکارسازی اراضی حاشیه رودخانه گاماسیاب کرمانشاه با مقایسه الگوریتم‌های پیکسل‌پایه و شی‌گرا

کاربری اراضی منعکس کننده ویژگی‌های تعاملی بین انسان و محیط زیست و توصیف نحوه بهره‌برداری انسان برای یک یا چند هدف بر روی زمین است. کاربری اراضی، معمولا بر اساس استفاده انسان از زمین، با تاکید بر نقش کاربردی زمین در فعالیت‌های اقتصادی تعریف می‌شود. تحقیق حاضر به‌منظور بررسی روند تغییرات کاربری اراضی حاشیه رودخانه گاماسیاب طی یک دوره 30 ساله با استفاده از سنجنده‌های tm و oli انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که روش‌ شی‌گرا نسبت به الگوریتم‌های پیکسل پایه از صحت و دقت بهتری برای تهیه نقشه‌های کاربری برخوردار هستند. مقدار ‌افزایش ‌صحت ‌د‌ر‌ روش ‌مبتنی ‌بر‌ طبقه‌‌بند‌ی‌ شی‌گرا‌ تا‌ حد ‌‌زیاد‌ی ‌به ‌انتخاب ‌پارامترهای ‌مناسب ‌برای‌ طبقه‌‌بند‌ی، تعریف قوانین‌ و ‌به‌کارگیری ‌الگوریتم‌ مناسب ‌جهت ‌به‌د‌ست‌ آورد‌ن ‌د‌رجه‌ عضویت ‌بستگی ‌د‌ارد. به‌طوری که ضریب کاپا برای هر دو تصویر مورد استفاده تقریبا مقدار 0.90 را نشان می‌دهد. بنابراین این نقشه‌ها مبنای آشکارسازی تغییرات قرار گرفتند. با توجه به نتایج بدست آمده اراضی کشاورزی و مسکونی با افزایش و این افزایش با کاهش مراتع همراه بوده است. نگاهی کلی به این دوره 30 ساله نشان می‌دهد که زراعت آبی و دیم به‌ترتیب افزایشی 2418.79 و 719.61 هکتاری و مراتع نیز کاهشی 2848.86 هکتاری داشته اند. این در حالی است که کلاس مسکونی و عوارض انسان ساخت افزایشی 428.85 هکتاری یا رشدی 178.87 درصدی را نشان می‌دهند، که این امر بیانگر اهمیت کشاورزی در منطقه مورد مطالعه است.

Change Detection Gamasiab River Margins in Kermanshah by Comparison Pixel Base and Object Orientd Algorithms

IntroductionLand use reflects the interactive characteristics of humans and the environment and describes how human exploitation works for one or more targets on the ground. Land use is usually defined on the basis of human use of the land, with an emphasis on the functional role of land in economic activities. Land use, which is associated with human activity, is undergoing change over time. Land use information and land cover are important for activities such as mapping and land management. Over time, land cover patterns and, consequently, land use change, and the human factor can play a major role in this process. Today, satellitebased measurements with geographic information systems are increasingly being used to identify and analyze landuse change and land cover. With regard to the problems of changes and transformations in the studied area, remote sensing can allow managers to categorize images and evaluate land use changes, in addition to saving time and costs, which allows planners to make plans based on changes, more resources are lost. To be prevented.Materials MethodsIn order to classify and detect the marginal land of the river, TM and OLI image images were selected for a specific month (August, August) for the years 1987 and 2017. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes occurring in the studied area with an emphasis on agricultural lands. To do this, the images before processing in the ENVI software took radiometric, atmospheric and geometric corrections on them. After that, the main components of the river route were extracted. Five basic algorithms were used to classify the base pixel, but eCognition software was used to classify the object. Supervised classification identifies homogeneous regions with examples of land use and land cover, in which pixels are assigned in known information classes. Education is a process that determines the criteria for these patterns. Learning output is a set of spectral signatures of proposed classes. The first step in objectoriented classification is the segmentation of the image and the creation of distinct objects, consisting of homogeneous pixels. The main purpose of image segmentation is to combine pixels or small objects to create large image objects based on the spectral and spatial characteristics of the image. In order to evaluate the accuracy and compare the resulting maps, the overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient are used. When the sampling of pixels is done as a spectral or informational class pattern, the evaluation of the spectral reflection of classes and their resolution can also be done. An algorithm with the highest accuracy and accuracy will be the basis for the detection. Detection of changes, which leads to a twoway matrix and shows variations of the main types of land use in the study area, was carried out in this study. Pixelbased crosstabulation analysis on pixels facilitates the determination of the conversion value from a specific user class to another user category and areas associated with these changes over the given time period.Results DiscussionThe results showed that the objectoriented method is more accurate than the base pixel algorithms for providing userdefined maps. The amount of accuracy in the method based on objectoriented classification depends largely on choosing the appropriate parameters for classification, defining the rules, and applying the appropriate algorithm to obtain the degree of membership. The Kappa coefficient for each image is approximately 0.90. So these maps are the basis for the discovery of change. According to the results, the agricultural and residential lands have been increased and this increase has been accompanied by a decrease in rangelands. A general overview of this 30year period shows that the arable and dry farming, respectively, increased by 2418.79 and 719.61 hectares and the rangelands had a decrease of 2848.86 hectares. However, the residential class and human effects show an increase of 428.88 hectares or a growth of 178.87%, which indicates the importance of agriculture in the studied area.ConclusionIdentifying and discovering land cover changes can help planners and planners identify effective factors in land use change and land cover, and have a useful planning to control them. For this reason, maps are needed with precision and speed, and objectoriented processing methods make this possible with very high precision. The results of this study, in addition to proving the precision and efficiency of objectoriented processing in land cover estimation, between 1987 and 2017, have witnessed a decrease in the area of rangeland lands and, on the other hand, agricultural and residential lands, which is indicative of the overall trend Destruction in the area through the replacement of pastures by other uses such as rainfed farming.Keywords: Land Use, Gamasiab, Object Oriented, Pixel Base, Kappa Coefficient