بررسی روند ازون تروپوسفری شهر کرمانشاه در بازه‌ی 10 ساله با استفاده از پارامترهای هواشناسی، پیش سازهای ازون و تصاویر سنجنده Omi

امروزه با افزایش میزان آلودگی هوا، ضرورت شناخت بیشتر علل وقوع آن را مطرح ساخته است. در این میان ازون تروپوسفری می تواند بر سلامتی انسان و محیط زیست اثر گذار باشد. از این رو هدف این پژوهش بررسی روند تغییرات غلظت ازون تروپوسفری با پارامترهای هواشناسی، پیش سازهای ازون (دی اکسید نیتروژن و اکسیدهای نیتروژن) است. در این پژوهش از داده های ایستگاه هواشناسی کرمانشاه و ایستگاه کیفیت هوای ادراه کل حفاظت محیط زیست کرمانشاه (ایستگاه زیبا پارک) در بازه ی 10 ساله (1386 تا 1395) استفاده شده است. در این پژوهش تغییرات غلظت ازون تروپوسفری و ارتباط آن با تغییرات اکسیدهای نیتروژن (nox) و no2 پارامترهای هواشناسی شهر کرمانشاه انجام شده است. براساس نتایج، بیش ترین غلظت ازون تروپوسفری در ساعت های 14 تا 16، ماه های خرداد، تیر و مرداد رخ داده است، بالاترین مقدار غلظت ازون تروپوسفری فصلی نیز در فصل تابستان و بهار ثبت شده است. مطالعه پارامترهای هواشناسی مانند دمای هوا و سرعت باد نشان داد که ارتباط مستقیمی با میزان غلظت ازون تروپوسفری دارد. از طرفی با افزایش میزان بارندگی غلظت ازون تروپوسفری کاهش پیدا می کند. نتایج بررسی رابطه بین ازون تروپوسفری، اکسیدهای نیتروژن و دی اکسید نیتروژن نشان داد که بیشترین مقدار ازون تروپوسفری در کمترین مقدار اکسیدهای نیتروژن و دی اکسید نیتروژن رخ می دهد و تغییرات غلظت ازون تروپوسفری در طول روز برعکس تغییرات اکسیدهای نیتروژن و دی اکسید نیتروژن است.

Study of tropospheric ozone concentration trend of Kermanshah by meteorological parameter and ozone precursor and OMI images

Abstract:Clean air is a necessity for human wellbeing and health. Air pollution is a major threat to humans and other organisms and is considered as one of the environmental challenges. Today, with the increase in air pollution, the need to know more about the causes of its occurrence has been raised. The various consequences of air pollution have made air quality monitoring and control inevitable in all societies at the forefront of environmental issues. In recent years, air pollutants have caused serious risks to human health and the environment. One of these pollutants Tropospheric ozone is the cause of health and environmental problems, especially respiratory problems and lung dysfunction and asthma attacks. Other effects of tropospheric ozone can be reduced lung capacity, cough, chest pain, sore throat, condition Nausea, damage to plants (growth disorders and the effect on germination) and reduced tire life, hence, it is necessary to know and study the tropospheric ozone in large and industrial cities. Tropospheric ozone is a pollutant because it plays an effective role in converting primary pollutants into secondary pollutants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the trend of changes in tropospheric ozone concentration with meteorological parameters, ozone precursors (nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxides). In this study, data from Kermanshah synoptic station and air quality station of Kermanshah General Department of Environmental Protection (Ziba Park station) in a longterm period of 10 years (20072016) have been used. Also, in this study using sensor images The OMI satellite Aura was surveyed in February and July 2016. Tropospheric ozone is known as a pollutant in Kermanshah. Therefore, no systematic studies have been conducted on the recognition of tropospheric ozone and the relationship between tropospheric ozone and meteorological parameters in Kermanshah over a long period of time. Tropospheric ozone and its relationship with changes in nitrogen oxides, nitrogen dioxide and synoptic parameters in Kermanshah were studied and the correlation between tropospheric ozone concentration and meteorological parameters was studied by Pearson test and the relationship between them was studied by linear regression. Based on the results. The maximum concentration of ozone occurs in the afternoon between 14:00 and 17:00 and the maximum amounts of nitrogen oxides occur at night and in the early morning of the year. Also, the study of seasonal changes in ozone concentration showed that in warm seasons due to the conditions of tropospheric ozone formation, including the intensity of sunlight, temperature and time of radiation and the presence of pollutants including nitrogen oxides, the concentration of tropospheric ozone was much higher. Ozone concentrations are highest in June, July, August, and spring and summer. The results also showed that there is a direct relationship between solar radiation and ozone concentration. Simultaneously with increasing solar radiation, it increases the air temperature, which increases the photochemical activity and thus increases the ozone concentration. This can be seen in the warm months of the year (June, July and August). Wind speed is also directly related to the concentration of tropospheric ozone. As the wind speed increases, the reactants mix faster and the tropospheric ozone concentration increases. However, precipitation is inversely related to the concentration of tropospheric ozone, which decreases with the occurrence of precipitation in the months associated with the onset of precipitation, and in the dry months of the year, the concentration is increasing. Therefore, meteorological factors and parameters play an important role in tropospheric ozone changes. Which can be seen by linear regression and Pearson test. The results of the study of nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxides showed that the highest concentration of nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxides during the day is the opposite of the concentration of tropospheric ozone and the lowest concentration of ozone occurs in summer due to increased solar radiation, increased oxidation of di Nitric oxide and nitrogen oxides, and as a result increase the concentration of tropospheric ozone, in autumn and winter, this amount has an increasing trend. Therefore, the trend of changes in tropospheric ozone concentration is the opposite of the concentration of nitrogen dioxide and nitrogen oxides, which can be seen in the daily, monthly and seasonal sections, which linear regression and Pearson test show this important and OMI sensor images confirm this fact. In conclusion of this study, all parameters related to the concentration of pollutants along with meteorological parameters have been effective factors in the concentration of tropospheric ozone.Keywords: air pollution, meteorological parameters, ozone tropospheric, NO2, NOX