تحلیل اولویت‌بندی عوامل موثر بر عدم مشارکت جوامع محلی در طرح‌های بیابان‌زدایی (مطالعه موردی: منطقه عین خوش، استان ایلام)

نخستین گام برای افزایش مشارکت مردمی در طرح‌های بیابان‌زدایی، شناسایی و مرتفع نمودن موانع موثر بر عدم مشارکت مردمی در اجرای پروژه‌هاست. هدف اصلی این پژوهش، تحلیل اولویت‌بندی عوامل موثر بر عدم مشارکت ساکنان در طرح‌های بیابان‌زدایی است. جامعه آماری تحقیق شامل خانوارهای روستای عین خوش شهرستان دهلران ایلام و کارشناسان خبره در امر بیابان‌زدایی است. یافته‌های تحقیق نشان داد که اولویت‌بندی شاخص‌ها با استفاده از آزمون ناپارامتریک فریدمن برحسب میانگین رتبه از دیدگاه ساکنان منطقه به ترتیب شاخص اقتصادی، طراحیاجرایی، آموزشیترویجی و اجتماعی است. همچنین این اولویت‌بندی از دیدگاه کارشناسان خبره با استفاده از آزمون fuzzyahp به ترتیب اولویت به صورت شاخص طراحیاجرایی، اقتصادی، آموزشیترویجی و اجتماعی است. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که در مجموع از 15 زیرشاخص موثر بر عدم مشارکت مردمی در طرح‌های بیابان‌زدایی، از دیدگاه کارشناسان خبره، زیرشاخص طراحیاجرایی با عنوان عدم برنامه‌ریزی‌های کوتاه‌مدت، میان‌مدت و درازمدت در امر مشارکت با میانگین رتبه 68/11 مهم‌ترین و زیرشاخص اجتماعی با عنوان مهاجرت و کمبود نیروی جوان در روستا با میانگین رتبه 59/3 کم اهمیت‌ترین زیرشاخص است. این در حالی است که از دیدگاه ساکنان منطقه زیرشاخص اقتصادی نادیده گرفتن درآمد مردم به‌عنوان انگیزه اقتصادی مستقیم در اجرای طرح‌های بیابان‌زدایی با میانگین رتبه 24/11 مهمترین و زیرشاخص طراحیاجرایی عدم تخصیص کامل منابع مالی در زمان اجرای طرح‌های بیابان‌زدایی با میانگین رتبه 63/5 کم اهمیت‌ترین زیرشاخص است که نشان می‌دهد شاخص‌های اقتصادی و طراحیاجرایی به همراه زیرشاخص‌های مربوطه مهمترین دلایل عدم مشارکت مردمی در طرح‌های بیابان‌زدایی در منطقه مورد مطالعه است.

Prioritization analysis of effective factors in non-participation of local societies in desertification projects (Case Study: Ain Khosh region, Ilam province)

Prioritization analysis of effective factors in nonparticipation of local societies in desertification projects (Case Study: Ain Khosh region, Ilam province) IntroductionParticipation in social affairs is a commitment and acceptance of individual and social responsibility that all human beings will have to accept. This commitment and responsibilities may take the form of definite and unlimited activities. By increasing the population and the complexity of the goals and efforts of the human community to advance economic, cultural, social and political goals, we inevitably need partnership and cooperation. Participation means using personal resources to participate in a collective action. The first step is to increase popular participation in desertification initiatives, identify and remove barriers to effective nonparticipation in project implementation. The main objective of this research is to prioritize the factors affecting the lack of public participation in desertification plans using the FUZZYAHP method and the Friedman nonparametric test. Materials and methodsThe statistical population of the study consisted of households in EineKhosh village of Dehloran Ilam and experts of Ilam University and natural resources organization of Ilam province and Dehloran County with more than ten years rsquo; experience in combating desertification issues. In this research, the indexes and subindicators related to library studies, questionaire from experts of the university, experts from the Natural Resources Department of Ilam province and Dehloran city, as well as referring to the region and interviews with the residents of the region were identified. Then, the questionnaire designed by the FAHP method evaluated by inconsistency rate and its validity and reliability by Likert scale, and finally tried to prioritizing them based on the following steps. First, the prioritization of the indicators was performed from the expert #39;s point of view using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP). Then, the prioritization of the indicators from the perspective of experts by application of Friedman test and finally, the priority of indices and subindicators by the local point of view with Friedman #39;s test. Results and discussionThe findings of the research showed that the ranking of indices using Friedman #39;s nonparametric test is based on the average rating from the viewpoint of residents of the region, respectively, economic index, designexecutive, educationalpromotional, and social. Also, this prioritization from the perspective of experts using the FUZZYAHP test is designexecutive, economic, educational, promotional and social priority, respectively. Also, the results showed that in the total of 15 identified subcategories influencing the lack of public participation in combating desertification projects, from the perspective of experts, the subdesign of the designexecutive entitled Shortterm, midterm and longterm nonplanning for participation with the average rating of 11.68 was the most important and the subindex, Migration of youth in the countryside with the average rating of 3.59, is the most insignificant subindicator. However, from the perspective of residents in the region, the underlying economic indexes disregarding people #39;s income as a direct incentive to implement combating desertification projects with an average of 11.24, the most significant and subindicator of the designexecutive lack of full allocation of funds during the implementation of combating desertification projects with average rating of 5.63 is the most significant subindicator, which indicates that economic indicators and designexecutive, along with the subindexes, are the most important reasons for nonparticipation of people in combating desertification projects in the study area.Due to the fact that the indicators and subindicators are identified based on the opinions of experts and locals in the study area, this has led to familiarizing the respondents with the research. In this research, the FAHP and Friedman test were used. According to the topic of the research in the field of public participation, the best tool for measuring the comprehensive statistical view of experts including experts and locals with regard to the study area is considered. In the reliability of the FAHP questionnaire, the responsiveness questionnaire has high reliability with regard to the multistage and multistage couples comparing method and the incompatibility rate test (mean 0.043 inconsistency rate). Cronbach #39;s alpha test was used for Likert scale questionnaires. Results (Cronbach #39;s alpha = 0.83) showed that the questionnaire had acceptable reliability. So, results is in consistence with other researchers #39; findings, including Saleh Pourjem et al. (2017). ConclusionAccording to the results obtained from prioritization, it has been shown that in the subject of participation, in spite of the difference between the views of experts and the people of the region, in some cases, the main priorities in the discussion of nonparticipation are almost similar; these results are consistent with the studies of previous researchers such as Saleh Pourjem et al. (2017).It is suggested that the removal of obstacles to public participation in combating desertification projects be put on the agenda of trusteeship organizations and public participation in all stages of design, implementation and future protection in the combating desertification projects will be considered. Keywords: People rsquo;s Participation, MCDM, FUZZYAHP, Friedman Test