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   شبیه‌سازی رواناب ناشی از ذوب برف حوضه گاماسیاب با مدل Srm  
   
نویسنده جهانبخش اصل سعید ,عالی نژاد محمدحسین
منبع تحليل فضايي مخاطرات محيطي - 1400 - دوره : 8 - شماره : 1 - صفحه:21 -36
چکیده    تامین منابع آب توسط برف در حوضه های کوهستانی بعلت خاصیت تاخیر در ایجاد رواناب، ضروری است. بنابراین شبیه سازی رواناب ناشی از ذوب برف و تغییرات فصلی پوشش آن در مدیریت منابع آب بسیار اهمیت دارد. در این مطالعه، به منظور برآورد رواناب حاصل از ذوب برف در حوضۀ گاماسیاب، نخست سطح پوشش برف برای سال های آبی 95 الی 97 با استفاده از تصاویر روزانۀ ماهوارۀ ترا مودیس با تفکیک مکانی 1 کیلومتر از طریق سامانه گوگل ارث انجین استخراج شد. سپس در محیط نرم افزارgis ، مشخصات فیزیوگرافی حوضه به دست آمد. در مرحلۀ بعد، با واردکردن داده های پوشش برف، متغیرهای هواشناختی و شاخص های لازم به مدلsrm ، رواناب ناشی از ذوب برف شبیه سازی شد. در این شبیه سازی سال 9596 برای واسنجی و سال 9697 جهت اعتبارسنجی مدل در نظر گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که، سهم جریان رودخانه از ذوب برف در ماه های اسفند و فروردین ماه چشمگیر است، ولی با افزایش درجه حرارت هوا در اردیبهشت ماه، سهم باران در جریان پررنگ تر می شود. همچنین نتایج شبیه سازی بیانگر دقت بالای این مدل می باشد، به طوری که ضریب تعیین (r2) برای سال های آبی 9596 الی 9697 به ترتیب معادل 0.93 و 0.9 و درصد خطای حجمی آن نیز به ترتیب (dv) 0.3 و 3.33 به دست آمد.
کلیدواژه برف، سنجش از دور، مودیس، حوضه گاماسیاب.
آدرس دانشگاه تبریز, دانشکدۀ جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی, گروه آب و هواشناسی, ایران, دانشگاه تبریز, دانشکدۀ جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی, ایران
پست الکترونیکی aalineghad63@yahoo.com
 
   Simulation of runoff from Gamasiab basin snowmelt with SRM model  
   
Authors aalinejad Mohammad Hossein ,Jahanbakhsh ASL Saeed
Abstract    Simulation of runoff from Gamasiab basin snowmelt with SRM model AbstractSnow cover in a basin affect its water balance and energy balance. So, snow cover variation is a major factor in climate change of a region. Study of temporal variation of snowmelt and snow water equivalent depth is very important in flood forecasting, reservoir management and agricultural activities of an area. In the most of the mountainous basins of the country, information on snow cover were not available. Also, the number of meteorological stations in high altitude areas do not match with information needed for snowmelt simulation. Therefore, indirect methods such as the analysis of satellite images to obtain the needed parameters for simulation is necessary, which is the one of the most effective methods in estimation of runoff originated from snow. Using the NOAA satellite data for zoning the snow cover of area started firstly in the USA since the 1961 and continuous until today (spatial and temporal resolution of satellite images increased by starting the MODIS work).Gamasiab River is one of the important branches of Karkheh basin. Its basin area is about 11040 km2 between latitude 47 degrees 7 minutes to 49 degrees 10 minutes east and latitude 33 degrees 48 minutes 4 degrees 85 minutes north. The altitude of this basin is 1275 to 3680 meters above sea level. In this study, for simulation of runoff originated from melting snow, firstly snow cover in the basin of Gamasiab in 2014 to 2017 calculated by using the satellite images of MODIS in the google earth engine system. Also, air temperature and precipitation data of synoptic stations in the area of study and daily stream flow discharges of Polechehr hydrometric station, from November of 2014 to July of 2017 was used. Then, weather and snow cover area included as the input of SRM for simulation of snowmelt runoff. To obtain the information needed to the model, physiographic characteristics of the basin including the area and different classes of height obtained from the ArcHydro and Hec_GeoHMS in DEM maps of GIS software. Then the snow cover areas obtained from the images of MODIS in daily interval that obtained by google earth engine system.Using the digital elevation map (DEM) and the accession of the ArcHydro and Hec_GeoHMS software of GIS, firstly flow direction map plotted. Secondly flow accumulation and stream flow network maps plotted, and by introducing the basin output to the program (Polechehr hydrometric station) borders of the basin identified and classification of the basin accomplished according to the three distinct height classes. Monitoring the snow surface cover during the daily time interval showed that the area covered with snow in winter season. This area decreases as the air temperature increases. The SRM model simulated the snowmelt of Gamasiab basin with good accurately, in which, the percent of volume error or Vd was lose than 2% and the R2 was above 0.9.The results of this research showed that the using the images of MODIS yields a reasonable estimation of the snow cover area of Gamasiab with local of data. Also simulation results showed the high capability of the SRM in snowmelt runoff of the area under study. Result showed that the coefficient of determination and volume percent of error of model was 0.93 and %0.3 for 20142015 and it was 0.9 and 3.33 for 20152016 years, respectively. The results of this study, was in consistent with the previous studies fading in which in addition of modelchr('39')s parameters, physiographic characteristics, basin play a major role in the accuracy of the simulation. According to the calculated and observed runoff diagram, in both years of study, peak temperatures begin in March, as the weather warms and the snow melts, and will continue until April. Considering the snow cover, it can be concluded that the main runoff of March Peak is related to snowmelt, but with the change in the shape of precipitation from snow to rain and the warming of the weather, April peak is related to rain. Regardless of acceptable simulation results of the model, the lack of snow survey station in the study area, (yield the model to face with difficulty) in process. To overcome this shortcoming, we used the presumptions of the model and recommended values of the model. Keywords: MODIS; Remote sensing; Runoff Snow; SRM; Gamasiab.
Keywords Snow ,Remote Sensing ,SRM ,Modis ,Gamasiab. ,SRM
 
 

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