تحلیل ویژگی های روزهای شرجی در ایران

پدیده شرجی به واسطۀ اثر ترکیبی دما و رطوبت بالا رخ می دهد و همواره باعث بروز مشکلاتی برای فعالیت های انسانی می شود. در پژوهش های قبلی، این پدیده در مناطق محدودی از کشور و با تعداد شاخص های کمتری مطالعه شده است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی فراوانی، تداوم و شدت روزهای شرجی در سرتاسر ایران با سه شاخص شدت شرجی، فشار بخار آب جزئی و گرمایش به انجام رسیده است. به این منظور داده‌های روزانه دما و رطوبت‌ نسبی 101 ایستگاه سینوپتیک کشور در یک دوره زمانی 28ساله (2014-1987) جمع آوری و با سه شاخص یادشده مطالعه شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد دو شاخص شدت شرجی و فشار بخار آب جزئی برای تبیین شرایط شرجی در ایران مناسبند و برونداد آنها تفاوت محسوسی با یکدیگر ندارد. اما شاخص گرمایش به نتایج مطلوب منتهی نشد. بر اساس شاخص منتخب، یعنی شاخص شدت شرجی، سواحل جنوب و سپس سواحل شمال کشور، بیشترین فراوانی، تداوم و شدت شرجی را دارند. اما در سایر نقاط کشور شرایط شرجی حاکم نیست و به طور میانگین حتی یک روز با شرایط شرجی مشاهده نمی شود. در سواحل جنوب، به دلیل حاکمیت پرفشار آزور، وضعیت شرجی زودتر از سایر نقاط کشور، در روز 14 فروردین آغاز می‌شود و با تداوم 7 ماه و 11 روز، در 25 آبان خاتمه می‌یابد. اما در سواحل شمالی کشور، با یک تاخیر 48روزه، از 1 خرداد آغاز و با تداوم تقریبی 4 ماه و 19 روز، در 20 مهر خاتمه می‌یابد. بندر چابهار در ساحل دریای عمان با 291 روز شرجی که 160 روز آن وضعیت شرجی بسیار شدید را داراست، بالاترین و بندر آستارا در سواحل خزر با 126 روز پایین‌ترین تعداد روزهای شرجی را دارا هستند. در سواحل شمالی، وضعیت شرجی بسیار شدید دیده نمی شود. روند سالانۀ تعداد روزهای شرجی در هیچ ایستگاهی معنی دار نیست.

Analysis of the Characteristics of Sultry Days in Iran

Analysis of the Characteristics of Sultry Days in Iran Extended AbstractSultry phenomenon occurs due to the combined effect of high temperature and humidity. Sultry intensity increases with increasing relative humidity and decreases with decreasing temperature. This phenomenon has a tremendous impact on comfort and other human activities. Various indices have been used to study this phenomenon in Iran and in the world. According to previous studies, and as far as information is concerned, there has not been a comprehensive study across Iran on the characteristics of sultry days based on degree of severity. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the frequency, duration and severity of sultry days and its temporal and spatial analysis throughout Iran.To do this research, daily temperature, relative humidity and partial water vapor pressure of 101 synoptic stations were used for a 28year period (19872014). In choosing the indices of sultriness, the goal was to select indices that show the sultry state on a daily scale. For this purpose, in the first stage, 16 empirical sultry or sultryrelated indices were used, all of which used climatic parameters such as temperature, relative humidity, water vapor pressure and cloudiness to calculate the sultry state or comfort. Among them, 13 indices were eliminated because they surveyed the phenomenon on a monthly or annual basis or were not consistent with the objectives of this study. Finally, according to the objectives of the study, three indices were chosen: 1 Sultry Intensity Index (LancasterCarstone empirical equation), 2 Partial Water Vapor Pressure Index (partial water vapor pressure equal to or greater than 18.8 hPa), and 3 Heat Index (HI).The results of this study showed that two indices of Sultry Intensity and Partial Water Vapor Pressure are suitable for explaining the conditions in Iran and their outputs are not significantly different. But Heat Index did not lead to desirable results. According to the results of the Sultry Intensity Index, the sultry phenomenon is not comprehensive in the country and is limited to 21 stations adjacent to the Caspian Sea coasts in the north (besides Parsabad Moghan Station) and the Persian Gulf coasts (besides Ahwaz station) and the Oman Sea coasts in the south. In other parts of the country, due to their internal and leeward position, being away from moisture sources, poverty or lack of vegetation and insufficient penetration of wet and rainy systems, there is no sultry condition and, on average, even one day is not seen with sultry circumstances. On the southern coasts, on average, sultry conditions begin on April 3 and end on November 16. Therefore, in this area, 7 months and 11 days of the year have sultry conditions. This is natural due to the lower latitude and the Azores high pressure sovereignty in the south. But on the northern coasts, the sultry period is shorter and with a 48day delay compared with the southern coasts, the average sultry day begins on May 22 and ends on October 12. Therefore, the duration of the sultry period is on average 4 months and 19 days. In terms of the number of sultry days, the most frequencies belong to the southern coasts stations. The largest number of sultry days related to the Chabahar port on the coasts of the Oman Sea with 291 days, followed by Jask port with 264 days. The lowest number of sultry days is also from Ahwaz station with 1 day and then Mahshahr port with 42 days. Among the stations on the southern coasts, the Oman Sea stations compared with the Persian Gulf stations have more sultry days due to lower latitudes, Azores high pressure sovereignty and Southeast Asian monsoon moisture influence. In contrast, the number of sultry days on the northern coasts is much lower and averages 140 to 150 days a year. Sultry severity is also less, so that there are no extreme severe sultry days in any of the stations on the northern coasts. But the number of extreme sultry days is remarkable on the coasts of the South, to 160 days in the port of Chabahar and 111 days in the port of Jask. At Parsabad Moghan in the north and port of Mahshahr in the south, due to distance from the coast and lack of sufficient moisture, the duration and severity of sultry is much lower and there are basically no days of severe and extreme sultry states. The annual trend of the number of sultry days at any station is not significant. Keywords: Sultry, Temperature, Relative Humidity, Sultry Indices, Iran