تحلیل فضایی تاب‌آوری سکونتگاه‌های روستایی در برابر مخاطره زلزله ( مطالعه موردی: شهرستان مریوان)

خسارات گسترده مخاطرات به محیط و کالبد سکونتگاه های انسانی موجب شده است که مفهوم تاب آوری در کاهش آثار سوانح، به حوزه ای مهم در عرصه مدیریت بحران تبدیل شود. با توجه به این اهمیت، هدف پژوهش حاضر تحلیل تاب آوری سکونتگاه های روستایی در برابر زلزله در شهرستان مریوان می باشد. جامعه آماری این پژوهش، شامل روستاهای 6 دهستان خاوومیرآباد، زریوار، سرکل، سرشیو، کوماسی و گلچیدر است که خانوارهای نمونه از بین روستاهای این دهستان ها و به روش تصادفی طبقه بندی شده و 18 روستا به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند.برای تعیین حجم نمونه از جدول مورگان استفاده شد و تعداد 310 پرسشنامه به صورت تصادفی تکمیل شدند. اعتبار پرسشنامه ها با آزمون آلفای کرونباخ، 79% به دست آمد. تحلیل آماری داده ها با آزمون های t تک نمونه، کروسکال والیس و تحلیل واریانس انجام شد. علاوه بر این، از روش دیمتل برای تعیین جهت رابطه میان معیارها، با استفاده از 6 نفر از کارشناسان و از روش تحلیل شبکه ای نیز برای وزن دهی به معیارها استفاده شد. یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهند که می توان روستاهای مورد مطالعه دارای را بافتی با تاب آوری پایین به حساب آورد که مهم ترین علت آن وضعیت نامناسب عوامل درونی سکونتگاه های روستایی می باشد از جمله کیفیت پایین ساخت و ساز و اسکلت نامناسب بناها. .با توجه به نتایج تحلیل واریانس بیشترین تاب آوری در دهستان زریوار با میانگین 2.99 و کمترین تاب آوری مربوط به دهستان خاوومیرآباد با میانگین 1.87 می باشد. در مجموع براساس نقشهتحلیل فضایی، بیشتر روستاهای مورد مطالعه تاب آوری نامناسب و کاملا نامناسبی در برابر زلزله دارند.

Analysis of Rural Settlements Resilience against Earthquake (Case Study: Marivan County)

Analysis of Rural Settlements Resilience against EarthquakeCase Study: Marivan County Iran is a seismic prone country located over the HimalayanAlpine seismic belt. Striking earthquakes during the past years and decades are strong proofs for vulnerability of rural areas in this country; loss of lives, damage to buildings, even demolishing villages have been experienced in Iran rural areas. All these fatal effects are evidences to make villages more resilience and strengthen their structures because in the case of vulnerable structures, earthquake can be tremendously destructive. Therefore, losses of live and property can be avoided through making resilience rural social, economic and physical structure like construction of buildings that sway rather than break under the stress of an earthquake. Making villages resilience are directly related to saving rural residents lives and their property. Briefly, reaching or maintaining rural areas capacities to an acceptable level are the main purpose of this study by analyzing mentioned structures. This study conducted in Marivan rural settlements which exposed to earthquake.According to Morgan Table, 310 samples responded to the questionnaires. The samples of this study were selected by chance from 6 districts and 18 villages. The main methods for analysis of collected data were Dimatel, ANP and Statictical analysis by SPSS. The results of ANP and Dimatel analyses led to the determination of relation among the factors. It should be noted we used Delfi method for this part. Moreover, for the final part ANOVA analysis is used by the authors. All around the world, countries have different approaches to deal with hazards in order to mitigate fatal affects. In fact, the goal of all management practices is to reduce hazard impacts. Iran faces a variety of hazards because of placing in a special geographical position; in this regard earthquake is the most important one. Resiliency approach can improve the flexibility of rural settlements through strengthen the capabilities of them and reduce their vulnerability. In the present study, analysis of rural settlements resilience against earthquake has been investigated. The results show that the resiliency is lower than the average in the studied villages. Also, there was a significant difference among the studied villages in terms of the resiliency against earthquake. The findings are consistent with the results of Nouri and Sepahvand in 2016 and Rezaei et al., in 2014.Considering the analysis of data and ANP analysis of the internal and external factors in a general and separate way, the studied villages of Marivan city can be considered as nonresilience structures; in this regard, the most important reason is the inappropriate condition in the internal factors of rural settlements. The poor quality of construction and the inadequate structure of buildings must be considered, as well. Another obvious reason is the existence of eroded texture in this area. According to external factors, relief does not cover rural areas and led to reduce the resilience of rural settlements. Investigating the resilience of rural settlements based on external factors not only indicates the inappropriate situation of rural structure in this analysis, but also it proves a more favorable situation than internal factors. The findings show that structure and the amount of structure confinement in decrease the tissue texture of rural settlements play a profound role; changing these factors requires a long time and longterm planning. Regarding the post hoc test, variance analysis suggests the highest resiliency in Zarivar with an average of 2.99 and the lowest survival rate in KhavumirAbad rural district with an average of 1.87. Moreover, according to the onesample TTest, the sociocultural dimension with a mean of 3.05 has the best situation in terms of resiliency against earthquake in the studied villages. For improving resiliency in the studied villages, authors rsquo; suggests are including: managing and organizing preparation measures and response along with effective actions to reduce the risks of earthquake and providing a crisis management department; strengthen scientific and research studies to identify and reduce the risks; applying the rules to retrofit the buildings and increasing the safety factors in new construction; mapping the vulnerabilities in rural areas; increasing people participation and preparing them to deal with an emergency situation caused by an earthquake. Keywords: Resiliency, Rural Settlements, Earthquake, Marivan County