تحلیل تاریخی سیاست ‌های مسکن ایران از دوران پیروزی انقلاب اسلامی تا سال 1400

مسکن به‌ عنوان یکی از حقوق اساسی انسان ‌ها در بیانیه‌ها و قوانین اساسی کشورهای مختلف مورد تاکید قرارگرفته و سیاست‌های مختلفی در این رابطه مطرح‌شده است. در ایران سیاست‌گذاری مسکن از برنامه سوم عمرانی آغازشده و بعد از انقلاب با تصویب قانون اساسی و مطرح‌شدن مسکن به‌عنوان حق همگانی، ادامه یافته است. بااین‌وجود تامین مسکن در ایران همچنان به‌عنوان یک مشکل مطرح است. بر همین اساس تحلیل سیاست‌های مسکن ایران از گذشته تاکنون و قیاس آن با استراتژی‌های جهانی تامین مسکن و یکدیگر، ضروری است. در همین رابطه پژوهش حاضر باهدف تحلیل سیاست‌های مسکن ایران با روش تحلیل محتوای تاریخی-قیاسی تدوین و داده‌ها با روش کتابخانه‌ای گردآوری‌شده و به دنبال پاسخگویی به این پرسش است که محتوا و اهداف سیاست‌های مسکن از زمان انقلاب تا سال 1400 چه تغییراتی داشته و در هر دوره کدام‌یک از رویکردهای جهانی تامین مسکن مورداستفاده قرارگرفته است؟ در همین رابطه بر مبنای رویکرد قیاسی در تحلیل محتوا، چارچوبی از تحلیل محتوای سیاست-عمومی مبتنی بر اهداف، ابزارها و نهادهای درگیر انتخاب و اسناد فرادست مسکن هر دوره بر اساس مقولات کلان چارچوب انتخابی تحلیل و در نهایت رویکرد جهانی مورداستفاده هر دوره تعیین گردید. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که سیاست‌های مسکن ایران در دوره تحلیل عمدتاً مبتنی بر رویکردهای جهانی مورداستفاده تا اوایل دهه 1980 میلادی با اهداف اجتماعی و پس‌ازآن اقتصادی بوده است. در همین راستا ابزارهای مورداستفاده نیز عمدتاً شامل امتیازات ویژه و وام‌ها، تفویض مقررات، قوانین فرماندهی، حمایت مالی گروه‌های ذینفع و ارائه مستقیم کالا بوده است. در همین رابطه نقش تعیین‌کننده وزارت مسکن و شهرسازی در سیاست‌ها باعث شده که نهادهای درگیر عمدتاً کارگزاران اداری باشند و پس‌ازآن نیز با توجه به اهمیت مشارکت در سیاست‌ها، شهروندان به‌عنوان دومین گروه از نهادهای درگیر مطرح شوند.

a historical analysis of housing policies in iran from the islamic revolution to 2014

housing is recognized as a basic human right in the constitutions and declarations of many countries, with various policies addressing this need. in iran, housing policy initiatives began with the third development plan and were reinforced after the revolution when housing became a constitutional right. however, housing provision remains a challenge. therefore, it is crucial to examine iran’s housing policies over time and compare them with global strategies. this study uses library-based data collection to examine iranian housing policies through historical-comparative content analysis. it explores how the goals and content of housing policies have evolved from the revolution to 2021 and identifies which global housing approaches were adopted in each period. a public-policy content analysis framework was selected, focusing on objectives, tools, and key institutions. major policy documents from each period were analyzed within this framework to identify the global approach applied in each phase. the findings indicate that iran’s housing policies throughout the analyzed period largely aligned with global approaches used until the early 1980s, with a focus on social objectives, shifting to economic goals thereafter. correspondingly, the tools utilized predominantly included special concessions and loans, regulatory delegation, command-based laws, financial support for stakeholders, and direct provision of goods. the pivotal role of the ministry of housing and urban development has led to the dominance of administrative agencies as the main implementing bodies, with citizens emerging as a secondary group of stakeholders, particularly in light of the increasing importance of public participation in policies.extended abstractintroductionhousing is a fundamental human right emphasized in declarations and constitutional laws of various countries. despite numerous policies addressing housing issues, the results indicate that while these policies have alleviated problems for low-income groups, they have never fully resolved the issue of inadequate housing.in iran, the housing problem dates back to the 1960s when land reform laws were introduced. consequently, housing policymaking began with the third development plan and continued after the islamic revolution with the adoption of the constitution, which recognized housing as a universal right. however, despite these policies and legislations during the islamic revolution era, apart from some improvements for low-income groups in the first decade, the remaining housing programs and policies, despite incurring significant costs, failed to provide low-income groups with adequate housing effectively. thus, housing remains a persistent issue in iran, with a substantial gap between supply and demand. given the importance of learning from the past for future planning, it is crucial to analyze past housing policies to devise appropriate strategies moving forward. accordingly, this study aims to analyze iran’s housing policies from the islamic revolution to 2021, comparing the objectives and content of these policies including tools and organizations within the framework of all legislative inputs (development programs, laws, and resolutions). methodologythis study is applied research employing a descriptive-analytical approach. following a qualitative methodology within an interpretive paradigm, the research utilizes a historical-deductive content analysis method. the required data were collected through a documentary approach, using laws, resolutions, development programs, and bylaws issued by official institutions such as the parliament, the cabinet, and the supreme council of architecture and urban planning of iran witthere is no funding support.