چارچوب الزامات سلامت الکترونیک 2.0: رویکرد کیفی برای کشورهای درحال‌توسعه

مقدمه: اهمیت ارائه خدمات به‌صورت غیرحضوری ازیک‌طرف و ضریب نفوذ بالای رسانه اجتماعی در بین گروه‌های مختلف از طرف دیگر، ارائه خدمات مختلف به‌ویژه در حوزه سلامت و بهداشت بر بستر رسانه اجتماعی را ضروری ساخته است. براین‌اساس هدف پژوهش حاضر ارائه چهارچوبی جهت معرفی الزامات ارائه خدمات حوزه سلامت در بستر رسانه‌های اجتماعی (سلامت الکترونیک 2.0) در کشورهای درحال‌توسعه است.روش‌پژوهش: پژوهش حاضر با رویکرد کیفی و با استفاده از روش تحلیل تماتیک در بازه زمانی 5ماهه (بهمن‌ماه 1400 تا تیرماه 1401) انجام شد. داده‌های موردنیاز پژوهش، با استفاده از ابزار مصاحبه‌های نیمه ساختار یافته و از بین جامعه آماری شامل متخصصان فناوری اطلاعات و پژوهشگران حوزه سلامت الکترونیک بودند که بر اساس معیارهای سابقه پژوهش، سابقه علمی (تحصیلات دانشگاهی مرتبط) و داشتن سابقه‌ی تجربی در حوزه‌ی فناوری اطلاعات و سلامت الکترونیک انتخاب شدند. به‌گونه‌ای که حداقل دو معیار از سه معیار مطرح شده را دارا بودند. همچنین از روش نمونه‌گیری هدفمند با تعداد نمونه آماری 22 نفری جهت دسترسی داده‌های پژوهش بهره برده شد. یافته‌ها: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد که الزامات ارائه خدمات سلامت در بستر رسانه اجتماعی (سلامت الکترونیک 2.0) برای کشورهای درحال‌توسعه شامل مواردی چون الزامات زیرساختی، سازمانی، محیطی و ارتباطی است. نتیجه‌گیری: با بهره‌مندی از چارچوب الزامات سلامت الکترونیک 2.0 (الزامات زیرساختی، سازمانی، محیطی و ارتباطی)، مسیر مدیریت و برنامه‌ریزی جهت استفاده از رسانه‌های اجتماعی در بخش سلامت برای کشورهای درحال‌توسعه هموار شده و با توسعه دسترسی خدمت گیرندگان، امکان ارائه خدمات حوزه سلامت فارغ از مرزهای زمانی و مکانی فراهم می‌شود. 

a framework for the requirements of e-health 2.0 in developing countries: a qualitative approach

introduction: in contemporary society, the pervasive integration of information technology into the fabric of human existence has become a focal point for many healthcare service providers. this phenomenon has ignited significant interest and exploration, primarily due to the widespread embrace of innovative service models within the health sector. the advent of information technology has ushered in a transformative era, redefining the landscape of healthcare delivery. adopting novel service styles has emerged as a cornerstone in enhancing the efficiency, accessibility, and overall quality of healthcare services. electronic health records, telemedicine, and health monitoring applications are myriad manifestations of this technological revolution. these advancements streamline administrative processes and facilitate seamless communication between healthcare professionals and patients. moreover, integrating data analytics and artificial intelligence has empowered healthcare providers with valuable insights, enabling personalized and proactive approaches to patient care. as technology advances, the symbiotic relationship between information technology and healthcare is poised to revolutionize the industry, fostering a future where precision medicine, remote patient monitoring, and virtual consultations become integral components of a patient-centric and technologically enriched healthcare ecosystem. this paradigm shift holds the promise of not only improving health outcomes but also democratizing access to quality healthcare services on a global scale. among the various information technology facilities, social media, particularly social networks, is increasingly utilized by individuals and groups of varying types. despite crises like the covid-19 pandemic, service providers have been compelled to offer non-presential services by leveraging information technology platforms.providing non-presential services, especially in the healthcare sector, plays a crucial role in crises and significantly influences the effectiveness of crisis management. this is evident in how these services efficiently address emerging healthcare needs. social media, a prominent aspect of information technology, enjoys widespread popularity among individuals from diverse age groups. the extensive reach of social media platforms across various age demographics highlights their pervasive influence and underscores their potential as assertive communication and information dissemination tools during crises. the broad user base of these platforms further enhances their effectiveness in reaching and engaging different segments of the population, thus amplifying their impact on crisis communication and management strategies. the provision of services in a non-presential manner has become increasingly important, particularly in the health and hygiene sector. this is especially true in developing countries with significant disparities in healthcare facilities and uneven access to relevant amenities and professionals. given the high influence of social media among diverse groups, delivering services through social media platforms has become imperative.in developing nations, social media platforms are often more accessible and user-friendly than other information technology facilities. as a result, these platforms can serve as practical tools for delivering health services. addressing these countries’ requirements and prerequisites for implementing this technology can significantly contribute to successfully establishing electronic health 2.0 services. the current study presents a framework for identifying the requirements for delivering health services through social media platforms (electronic health 2.0) in developing countries.of thematic analysis involved becoming familiar with the data through extensive readings of the text, identifying noteworthy codes by the researcher, generating preliminary codes, transforming the initial codes into organizing methods: this study was carried out utilizing a qualitative methodology. thematic analysis was applied to analyze the data at three hierarchical levels: fundamental, organizing, and all-encompassing themes. the process themes, revisiting the codes, and categorizing them into overarching themes. ultimately, a report presentation was drafted. moreover, maxqda10 software was used for coding to facilitate the data analysis. the research took place over five months (from february 2021 to july 2021) in iran, a developing country. the necessary data were collected through semi-structured interviews using purposive sampling from a population of it professionals and researchers in electronic health. this group of experts had criteria such as research experience, academic background (relevant qualifications) , and a work history of over three years in information technology and electronic health. individuals meeting at least two out of the three criteria were selected from this group. additionally, the purposive sampling method was employed for the sampling process. considering theoretical saturation in the twentieth interview and conducting two more interviews to ensure the results, a sample size of 22 participants was deemed sufficient to access the research data effectively.findings: in the initial phase, 70 fundamental themes were derived from the analysis of interviews. subsequently, foundational codes were organized into 13 organizing themes and categorized into five overarching themes. the research results indicate that the requirements for providing healthcare services in the realm of social media (electronic health 2.0) for developing countries encompass infrastructural necessities (hardware provisioning and development, software provisioning and development, security provisioning, and data features) , organizational aspects (individual-level and managerial-level issues) , environmental considerations (attention to complexities, institutionalization, and development of the information society) , operational factors (provision and development of regulations, research execution, and development) , and communicative elements (development of interaction and participation, and access development).the technical requirements for developing electronic health 2.0 services in developing countries encompass infrastructure needs, particularly information technology. this is the basis for delivering services in the electronic health 2.0 domain. addressing and developing various hardware requirements for electronic health 2.0 services, such as using local data centers for storage, having backup equipment for potential failures, improving bandwidth through fiber optic network development to enhance internet access, facilitating communication tools like smartphones, and emphasizing the use of information systems among healthcare providers are critical hardware needs for electronic health 2.0. providing various applications for developing electronic health 2.0 capabilities, such as intelligent domain software for data analysis and service provision based on user activity history, utilizing local social networks for better management and control, and promoting user engagement in these networks, as well as leveraging the latest software advancements like ipv6 and 4g and 5g networks, will have a significant impact. in pursuing electronic health 2.0 services, seamless data and information transfer in all formats is essential. ensuring accurate and up-to-date data transmission requires meticulous attention. safeguarding data integrity from unauthorized changes is crucial. security is a paramount requirement in the development of electronic health 2.0. the foundation of social media platforms poses significant risks to security and privacy. therefore, deploying identity verification systems and data encryption is instrumental in preventing unauthorized access. educating users about security issues, such as social engineering phenomena and various types of malware, is vital.