s-parameter analysis of three-layered aperture coupled antenna with a flame retardant-4 composite material as substrate for biomedical applications

In biomedical applications, particularly for tumor detection, the need for high-resolution imaging systems is critical. this paper presents the “s” parameter analysis of a three-layer stacked microstrip antenna with defected ground structure (dgs) having a “+” shaped slot. the dimension of the antenna provides an enhanced performance ranging from 4.5-12 ghz. an aperture-coupled mechanism where a direct connection between feed and the fr-4 (flame retardant 4) substrate employing the need for three substrates having a dielectric constant (εr = 4.4) and having a thickness of 1.57mm each is utilized in this design. the composite material known as fr4 is structured with its fundamental layer consisting of fiberglass, woven into a thin, fabric-like sheet, providing essential structural support. this innermost layer of fiberglass imparts the necessary stability to fr4. it is then encased and secured by a flame-resistant epoxy resin. the antenna structure incorporates a parasitic patch as the topmost layer and an active patch that is placed below the substrate layer both of which incorporate slots for enhanced performance. the ground layer is sandwiched between the active layer and feedline which ensures separation between the two. such a structure can help in optimizing both the radiating patch and the feedline independently. the performance of the designed antenna is studied for various slot configurations where the s- s-parameter analysis shows that the antenna provides wideband behavior which makes it suitable for biomedical applications like breast cancer detection. the s parameter analysis done in hfss software shows a maximum return loss of -40db which is performed for various slot configurations. the increasing demand for uwb communication systems underscores the critical importance of advanced antenna design to meet expanding data transmission requirements. the design of uwb antennas plays a crucial role in biomedical applications like breast cancer detection, where precise signal accuracy and penetration depth are essential for enhancing diagnostic efficacy and treatment monitoring.