ارزیابی تیمارهای مختلف هورمونی و سرمایی بر برخی شاخص‌های بیوشیمیایی و جوانه‌زنی بذور سه‌ گونه درمنه یکساله (artemisia annua)، دوساله (a.biensis willd.) و چندساله (a.vulgaris l)

درﻣﻨﻪ ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ و ﻣﺮﺗﻌﯽ از ﺗﯿﺮه ﮐﺎﺳﻨﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﺎت ﻣﺆﺛﺮ ﺧﻮد، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدﻫﺎی زﯾﺎدی در ﺻﻨﺎﯾﻊ داروﯾﯽ و ﻏﺬاﯾﯽ دارد. ﯾﮑﯽ از ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎی اﺻﻠﯽ در ﮐﺸﺖ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه، وﺟﻮد ﺧﻮاب ﺑﺬر اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ را ﺑﺎ ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﻣﻮاﺟﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﺪ. ﻫﺪف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ، ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ ﭘﺮاﯾﻤﯿﻨﮓ ﺳﺮﻣﺎدﻫﯽ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب و ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎی ﻫﻮرﻣﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﺮ ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﺑﺬور ﺳﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ درﻣﻨﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﯾﮏﺳﺎﻟﻪ )annua(، دوﺳﺎﻟﻪ )biensis( و ﭼﻨﺪﺳﺎﻟﻪ )vulgaris( ﺑﻮد. آزﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪﺻﻮرت ﮐﺮتﻫﺎی ﯾﮏﺑﺎر ﺧﺮدﺷﺪه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﻃﺮح ﭘﺎﯾﻪ ﮐﺎﻣﻼً ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻪ ﺗﮑﺮار در ﺳﺎل 1403 در آزﻣﺎﯾﺸﮕﺎه ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ و ﻣﻌﻄﺮ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه آزاد اﺳﻼﻣﯽ واﺣﺪ ﺷﻬﺮﮐﺮد اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺳﺮﻣﺎدﻫﯽ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب در ﺳﻄﻮح ﺷﺎﻫﺪ، 10، 20 و 30 روز و ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎی ﻫﻮرﻣﻮﻧﯽ )اﺳﯿﺪ ﺟﯿﺒﺮﻟﯿﮏ، ﺑﻨﺰﯾﻞ آدﻧﯿﻦ، ﮐﯿﻨﺘﯿﻦ و ﺗﻠﻔﯿﻖﻫﺎ( ﺑﺮ ﺑﺬرﻫﺎ اﻋﻤﺎل ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی اﻧﺪازهﮔﯿﺮی ﺷﺎﻣﻞ درﺻﺪ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ، ﻃﻮل و وزن ﺧﺸﮏ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ، ﺑﻨﯿﻪ ﺑﺬر و ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿﺖ آﻧﺰﯾﻢﻫﺎی آﻟﻔﺎ آﻣﯿﻼز، ﺑﺘﺎ-1و3-ﮔﻠﻮﮐﻮﻧﺎز و ﭘﺮاﮐﺴﯿﺪ ﻫﯿﺪروژن ﺑﻮد. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﺳﺮﻣﺎدﻫﯽ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب و اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺗﯿﻤﺎرﻫﺎی ﻫﻮرﻣﻮﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ وﯾﮋه ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺳﻪﮔﺎﻧﻪ ga3+ba+kin در ﻣﺪت 20 ﺗﺎ 30 روز، ﻣﻮﺟﺐ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﻌﻨﯽدار ﺻﻔﺎت ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﺑﯿﻮﺷﯿﻤﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﯾﻦ درﺻﺪ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ، ﻃﻮل ﮔﯿﺎﻫﭽﻪ و ﺑﻨﯿﻪ ﺑﺬر در ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﯾﮏﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪ. در ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ، ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﭼﻨﺪﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﮐﻤﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد را داﺷﺖ. ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد 20 روز ﺳﺮﻣﺎدﻫﯽ ﻣﺮﻃﻮب ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﺗﯿﻤﺎر ﻫﻮرﻣﻮﻧﯽ، ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﺆﺛﺮی در ﺷﮑﺴﺘﻦ ﺧﻮاب ﺑﺬر و ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﺻﻔﺎت ﺟﻮاﻧﻪزﻧﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ درﻣﻨﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد.

evaluation of different hormonal and wet chilling time treatments on biochemical and germination indices in seeds of three species of artemisia (a.annua, a.biensis willd., a.vulgaris l.)

artemisia sp. is one of the most important medicinal and rangeland plants from the asteraceae family, widely used in pharmaceutical and food industries due to its effective compounds. one of the main challenges in the cultivation of this plant is seed dormancy, which hinders germination. the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of moist chilling priming and hormonal treatments on the biochemical and germination indices of seeds in three artemisia species: annual (annua), biennial (biensis), and perennial (vulgaris). the experiment was conducted as a split-plot based on a completely randomized design with three replications in 2024 at the research center for medicinal and aromatic plants, islamic azad university, shahrekord branch. moist chilling was applied in control, 10, 20, and 30-day treatments, and hormonal treatments (gibberellic acid, benzyladenine, kinetin, and their combinations) were applied to the seeds. the measured indices included germination percentage and index, seedling length and dry weight, seed vigor, and the activities of alpha-amylase, beta-1,3-glucanase, and hydrogen peroxide enzymes. the results showed that moist chilling and the use of hormonal treatments, especially the triple combination of ga3+ba+kin for 20 to 30 days, significantly increased germination traits and biochemical indices compared to the control. the highest germination percentage and index, seedling length, and seed vigor were observed in the annual species, while the perennial species had the lowest performance. overall, the application of 20 days of moist chilling along with hormonal treatment had a significant effect on breaking seed dormancy and improving the germination characteristics of different artemisia species.