کالبدشناسی فوکویی دولت

رهیافت فوکویی با خارج شدن از مسئله دولت و کاوش در آن بر پایه­ی حکومت‌مندی، مسیر جدیدی از تحقیق درباره‌ی ماهیت دولت و اجزای تحلیلی آن‌را مطرح کرده است. فوکو با ابداع مفهوم «حکومت‌مندی»  علاوه‌ بر ترجیح تمرکز بر کردارهای حکومتی به‌جای نهادها در نظریه‌ی سیاسی، روند دخالت ذهنیت­ها در کردارهای حکومت را به نمایش می‏گذارد و با این‌کار پرده از تحولی در ذهنیتِ حکومت در عصر جدید بر می دارد که امروزه ابعاد ویژه ای یافته است. به‌طور کلی از نگاه فوکو، دولت یک پدیده‌ی اختراعی است که از سویی به «عقلانیت های حکومتی» به‌عنوان بُعد فکری و از سویی دیگر به «فنون حکمرانی» به‌عنوان بُعد کرداری مرتبط می‌شود. علاوه‌بر این «سامانه‌های حکومتی» را نیز به‌عنوان بُعد نهادی دولت می توان به این دستگاه تحلیلی افزود تا ارائه ی تحلیل سه بُعدی «دولت» (عقلانیت، کردار، نهاد) از دیدگاهی انتقادی به‌نحوی تکمیل شود که کاربست آن، دامنه وسیعی از حکمرانی های لیبرال و غیرلیبرال را شامل شود.

The Foucauldian Anatomy of state

Purpose: The present paper aims to articulate Michel Foucault’s thought for analyzing the problematic of the state. “Foucault vision of modern state” is not paid attention by political theoreticians as much as microphysics analysis. While on the contrary, it can open a new research domain through which one can survey and investigate the various domains of the state. Design / Methodology / Approach: Investigating on Foucault’s those works which have not been known such as College de France Lectures on the basis of “textual methodology” and taking advantages of descriptiveanalytical approach, the paper seeks to elucidate Foucauldian method of analyzing procedures, mechanisms and components of modern state, rereading his theoretical arguments as well. Findings: The present paper indicates that in the course of a theoretical shift, Foucault begin to take into consideration the problematic of government as a new dimension in the analysis of power whereby the relations of power is studied within the viewpoint of leadership. He addresses to “the genealogy of Modern State”, which the connection between political rationality and the government lies at the heart of it, in addition to “the genealogy of Modern Subject”.  Abandoning the problematic of the state and exploring it on the basis of Governmentality, Foucauldian approach has raised a new way of investigating the nature and component of the state. By inventing the concept of Governmentality, Foucault represents the process of affection of mentality upon government’s practices, besides concentrating on governmental practices rather than institutions. By this start point, he reveals a transformation in the mentality of government in modern ages which nowadays has became spread in a large scale.  As a whole, in Foucault’s view, the state is considered as a construct which, on the one hand, is related to the governmental rationalities (as the intellectual dimension) and, on the other hand, to the art of government (as the Practical dimension).  There is no such thing as a state, but there is art of government. Governmental apparatus can be added to this analytical framework (as an Institutional dimension) Originality / Value: Offering a Threedimensional analysis of the state (composed of rationality, practice, institution) on the basis of a critical view, this sort of analysis will be included a wide range of liberal and illiberal governances. This analytical frame work, which is based on an antiessential vision of the state, is considerably deserved to explain the components of modern state and seems useful in dealing with the problematic of the state in Iran.