فراترکیب آراء پژوهشگران ایرانی دربارۀ کوچک سازی دولت در ایران

کوچک‌سازی دولت به عنوان راه حلی برای کاهش ناکارآمدی اقتصادی دولت از دهه 80 میلادی مد نظر پژوهشگران قرار گرفته است. از آنجایی که دامنه نظرات و پژوهش‌های صورت گرفته درباره کوچک‌سازی دولت افزایش چشمگیری داشته، مطالعه نظام‌مند این ادبیات با دشواری هایی همراه شده است. همین امر استفاده از روش فراترکیب برای مطالعه دقیق، دسته‌بندی و ارائه سنتزی جدید از چنین مطالعاتی را ضروری می‌سازد. هدف اصلی مقاله کنونی ارزیابی آراء پژوهشگران ایرانی در خصوص اهداف، راهکارها و موانع کوچک‌سازی دولت در ایران و طبقه‌بندی نظام‌مند آنها با استفاده از روش فراترکیب به منظور ارائه سنتزی جدید از مطالعات قبلی است. فراترکیب انجام شده در این مطالعه از 33 اثر پژوهشی بهره برده است. این تعداد اثر پژوهشی بر اساس شاخص‌های اعتبار علمی آثار، اعتبار ناشر، سابقه علمی و پژوهشی نگارنده و میزان ارجاع دهی به آثار از میان بالغ بر 100 پژوهش منتشر شده مورد گزینش قرار گرفت. نتایج این فراترکیب نشان می‌دهد از نظر پژوهشگران ایرانی اهداف کوچک‌سازی دولت در ایران شامل کاهش اندازه دولت و فعالیت‌های اقتصادی آن، افزایش کارآیی و افزایش رقابت در حوزه اقتصاد است. درباره راهکارهای کوچک‌سازی نیز خصوصی‌سازی، مدیریت دولتی نوین و حکمرانی خوب مورد نظر پژوهشگران ایرانی قرار دارد. موانع کوچک‌سازی دولت نیز از نظر پژوهشگران ایرانی شامل رانتیریسم، فرهنگ سیاسی ایرانیان، فقدان پیش‌نیازهای لازم برای اجرای سیاست کوچک‌سازی دولت و بروز تضاد طبقاتی در پی اجرای سیاست کوچک‌سازی دولت است. در نهایت نیز سنتز مقاله با بررسی الگوی مشارکت بخش عمومی- خصوصی (ppp) به عنوان راهکاری جدید برای کوچک‌سازی دولت و به مثابه جایگزین راهکارهای قدیمی ارائه شده است.

a meta-synthesis of iranian studies on government downsizing in iran

introduction different schools of thought in political economy offer varying perspectives on the size of government and its impact on policy efficiency and market productivity. since the 1980s, government downsizing has been proposed as a means to increase economic efficiency, improve the effectiveness of public sector management, and foster private sector participation. however, a major challenge with the government downsizing approach lies in the ineffectiveness of government intervention in the economy. such intervention, often through creating monopolies for state-owned companies and actors, reduces competition and stifles innovation among private enterprises. the economic recession of the 1970s and the debt crisis in developing countries underscored the necessity for government downsizing. to address these challenges, many countries sought assistance from the world bank and the international monetary fund (imf), adopting policies aimed at reducing state ownership. the excessive involvement of governments in economic activities was considered a serious problem. in iran, government downsizing has similarly provoked a wide array of perspectives among researchers. iranian scholars have employed diverse methodologies, frameworks, and data analyses to explore this subject, leading to a variety of conclusions and results. this diversity makes it challenging to gain a coherent and systematic understanding of the different viewpoints on government downsizing, limiting their applicability in both research and policymaking. to address this challenge, innovative research methods are required to classify previous studies systematically and synthesize their findings. meta-synthesis is an appropriate method for achieving this goal. by systematically reviewing and analyzing studies on a particular topic, the meta-synthesis approach provides a comprehensive perspective on existing research. in this respect, the current study aimed to apply the meta-synthesis method to the studies related to government downsizing in iran. the primary objective was to evaluate and classify the opinions of iranian scholars systematically, offering a new synthesis of existing studies. accordingly, the main research question is: what is the synthesis of iranian researchers’ views regarding the goals, solutions, and challenges in the process of government downsizing in iran? materials and methodsthe present study used the meta-synthesis method to evaluate iranian researchers’ views on the goals, solutions, and challenges of government downsizing in iran. it systematically classified these perspectives to provide a new synthesis of previous studies. the analysis included 33 studies, chosen from a pool of over 100 based on criteria such as scientific validity, the credibility of the publisher, the academic and research background of the authors, and the citations.results and discussionaccording to the results, iranian researchers consider several goals for government downsizing in iran, including reducing government economic activities, increasing efficiency, and fostering market competition. in terms of downsizing solutions, privatization, modern public management practices, and good governance were identified as key strategies. the studies also highlight several obstacles to government downsizing in iran, namely rentierism, the influence of iranian political culture, the absence of necessary prerequisites for implementing downsizing policies, and the risk of class conflict arising from these policies. finally, the synthesis proposed the public–private partnership (ppp) model as a novel solution for government downsizing, offering it as an alternative to previously suggested strategies.