مطالعه تطبیقی توسعه فرهنگی پهلوی دوم و جمهوری اسلامی (ناظر به دوران ثبات: 1357-1332 و 1401-1368)

توسعه یکی از مهم‌ترین مباحث نظام حکمرانی است. از عمده ابزارهایی که در فهم رشد یک کشور و در سنجش رویه سیاست‌گذاری‌ها می‌توان به کار گرفت، بررسی کیفی شاخصه‌های معطوف به توسعه ملی است. توسعه فرهنگی نیز به‌ عنوان یکی از سه ضلع اصلی توسعه سرزمینی، همواره ظرف استحقاق و پیش‌نیاز بایسته در ایجاد توسعه سیاسی اقتصادی کشورها محسوب شده است در بررسی این موضوع که برای شناخت راه عبور از موانع توسعه در ایران اقدامی ضروری به شمار می‌رود، هدف ما از پیگیری این تحقیق دستیابی اجمالی به ارزیابی مستندی از تصمیمات اتخاذ شده در توسعه فرهنگی معاصر با روند کاوی از نظام‌های سیاسی اخیر است؛ بنابراین برای دو بازه متوالی از تاریخ ایران را لحاظ کرده و دوران تثبیت پهلوی دوم و جمهوری اسلامی را به‌عنوان مورد پژوهش خود برگزیده‌ایم. پس از آنکه پنج شاخصه: «راهبرد و رویه‎؛ تعاون و آگاهی؛ صنعت و هنر؛ خلق و باور و تبلیغ و رسانه» را در آزمون دو حکومت مورد تحقیق قراردادیم؛ دریافتیم که هرچند به لحاظ ایده سیاسی تفاوتی ماهوی میان ج.ا و رژیم پهلوی حاکم است، اما جز مولفه: «ادبیات و معماری» ج.ا در دیگر بخش‌ها رویکردی رو به‌ رشد یا دست‌کم برابر را نسبت به اقدامات صورت گرفته در توسعه فرهنگی پهلوی دوم، نشان داده است.

a comparative study of the cultural development of pahlavi ii and the islamic republic (looking at the era of stability: 1332-1357 and 1368-1401)

introduction culture, as the lifeblood of society, is an artifact of a set of elements that shape a nation's mental inductions and behavioral characteristics over many years. the cultural fabric of any nation is the outcome of spatio-temporal developments shaped by the interplay of climatic challenges, material resources, human relations, and the values and norms that arise from moral conflicts. culture, as the lifeblood of society, is an artifact of a set of elements that shape the mental inductions and behavioral characteristics of a nation over many years. the cultural fabric of any nation is the outcome of spatio-temporal developments shaped by the interplay of climatic challenges, material resources, human relations, and the values and norms that arise from moral conflicts. in 1927, reza khan initiated establishing a judicial system, territorial divisions within the country, and new administrative rules. key measures included founding universities, sending students abroad, hiring european advisors, building a modern army and trained military force, expanding highways, and promoting urbanization while discouraging rural and nomadic lifestyles.these unilateral measures gradually transformed iran’s national culture and customary norms. policies such as the mandatory wearing of uniforms (introduced in 1928) and the imposition of the compulsory hijab ban (in 1935), coupled with restrictions on religious propaganda and the economic weakening of religious institutions, led to a decline in the expression of spirituality. subsequently, development theories like parsons’ modernization framework were adopted under the guise of scientific approaches, the fight against superstitions, meritocracy, specialization, centralization, expediency, elite selection, and systematic bureaucracy. this equated cultural development with eroding national identity and imitating european lifestyles. therefore, religion and tradition were increasingly marginalized, with denunciation of religious beliefs and the mockery of tradition becoming signs of apostasy. the distribution of translated works by intellectuals and partial implementation of ideas influenced by british, french, and russian scholars further fueled a fascination with laïcité, secularism, and relativism. these trends posed a threat to the indigenous culture, creating an eclecticism marked by a blend of traditional and modern aspects. the process of cultural development in iran, which had begun under the influence of turkey’s dependent development model during the first pahlavi, continued with the establishment of mohammad reza shah’s rule. under pahlavi ii, the cultural development gained momentum in the 1960s, with preparations laid out following the 1953 coup d'état. however, the islamic revolution marked a significant shift, fundamentally transforming the policies, the schema of cultural identity, and the vision of progress. moreover, mass media cultural propaganda and international impositions pushed iran into a new era of cultural evolution. development is a critical aspect of governance. concerning the tools for understanding a country’s growth and evaluating its policymaking processes, the qualitative examination of indicators focused on national development holds particular significance. cultural development, as one of the three main aspects of territorial development, has consistently been regarded as both a key indicator and a prerequisite for political and economic development.the present article aimed to examine the cultural policies of iran during two distinct timeframes: 1953–1979 and 1989–2022. by comparing the approaches of the pahlavi ii era and the islamic republic of iran, the study sought to trace the trajectory of cultural development in contemporary iran. this study examined the background of cultural development in iran, a necessary step in addressing obstacles to development in iran. the primary objective was to evaluate the decisions made regarding cultural development in contemporary iran by analyzing the approaches of its recent political systems. the research sought to answer the following question: how did pahlavi ii and the islamic republic of iran approach cultural development policies?