عوامل موثر بر تغییر استراتژی های رفتار حزبی دموکرات سوئد

نگاهی به سبد رای حزب دست راستی «دموکرات های سوئد» نشان دهنده سیر صعودی این حزب به سمت کسب آرا بیشتر بوده است. مسئله اساسی در اینجا چیستی، چرایی و چگونگی جهش سیاسی و انتخاباتی حزب دست راستی دموکرات سوئد و موفقیت این حزب به‌عنوان «حزب حامی» دولت دست راستی ائتلافی در این کشور است. هدف پژوهش: مطالعات در خصوص گرایش های مختلف سیاسی، اقتصادی، فرهنگی احزاب راست در اروپا کمتر به استراتژی های رفتاری این احزاب توجه داشته است. بنابراین ضرورت تحقیق بر روی تاثیر انتخاب‌های استراتژیک این احزاب در شکل دهی به ائتلاف های انتخاباتی و رفتار سیاسی حائز اهمیت است. سوال: سوالی که در خصوص رفتار انتخاباتی این حزب مطرح می شود این است که استراتژی و رفتار حزبی حزب دموکرات سوئد چیست؟ یافته ‌های پژوهش: حزب دموکرات سوئد از جمله احزاب راست اروپا محسوب می شود که مطالعه بر روی رفتار انتخاباتی آن نسبت به مهاجرت، جرم و جنایت، بحران های اقتصاد داخلی و ... ، هم نقشه سیاسی حزب در آینده و هم هندسه شکلی و محتوایی قدرت در سوئد را مشخص می کند. نتیجه گیری پژوهش: با مرور مبانی و اصول کلی و بنیادین ایدئولوژیک و متدولوژیک حزب دموکرات سوئد، این پژوهش به این نتیجه می رسد که پنجره های فرصتی شبیه به مهاجرت، بیکاری، جرم و جنایت، ساختار سیاسی و مشارکتی و درنهایت حقارت های سیاسی ناشی از دشواره های اجتماعی، به‌مرور استراتژی رفتار حزب دموکرات سوئد را تغییر داده و سبب تثبیت و انتخاب استراتژی خط مشی جویی توسط حزب دموکرات سوئد شده است.

factors affecting the change in the strategies of sweden democrat party behavior

sweden is the latest european democracy to engage with the extreme right, which regularly seeks to capture the elections and the ballot box. the change of sweden’s politics to the right has destroyed or at least distorted the image of this country as the spiritual home of the liberal left or social democracy and people’s home. therefore, sweden, compared to other european countries, does not experience a long-standing tradition of representing a far-right party in the parliament, and until recently it was described as a european exception without far-right parties in the parliament (demker, 2012).concerns about the increase in power of the right-wing parties have led to the creation of extremist approaches in sweden (rytgren, 2019: 439-455). most of these concerns can be attributed to the influence of &sweden democrat&. with the parliamentary progress and the rapid electoral growth of sweden democrat since 2010, the mainstream narrative and swedish policies have changed both in the social forces and among the parties. the sweden democrat party, which until a decade ago was labeled as a political trend with negative characteristics (negative towards democracy) (and struggled with the efforts of other swedish parties to be isolated), now it is considered one of the most important and active forces in the sphere of swedish politics. the sweden democrat now act as a group and party supporting the center-right government consisting of the moderate conservative party (m), the christian democrat (k) and the liberal party (l). now the sweden democrat are the second party after the veteran social democrat and the largest party in the right bloc. in addition, this party, with the intelligence of its leaders, has shown itself as the party supporting the centrist government led by ulf kristersson. the conclusion of the tido agreement, which was established with the understanding of all the members of the coalition, is considered to a great extent to indicate the change of the political scene in sweden in favor of the right-wing of this party.anti-immigration, anti-muslims, trying to socialization of refugees, dealing with environmental issues, the party’s approach to crime, the party’s attitude to economic issues, unemployment, etc. cause a different view of swedish politics.however, despite the fact that the leaders of the party did not take power or ministerial positions and political positions, the performance of the party has highlighted another strategy other than seeking power. the question that arises is, what is the strategy of party behavior of the sweden democrat?by reviewing the general and fundamental ideological and methodological principles of the sweden democrat, this hypothesis is investigated that windows of opportunity like immigration, unemployment, crime, political and cooperative structure, and political humiliations caused by social problems have gradually changed the behavior strategy of the sweden democrat and caused the consolidation and selection of the policy-seeking strategy by the party of sweden democrat.conceptual framework; party strategiesregarding kaare strøm, in the division regarding party behavior, he distinguishes three categories: 1) power seeking; 2) policy seeking; 3) vote seeking. in this research, an attempt is made to pay attention to this conceptual tradition.1. power seeking; power seeking strategies of parties concentrate their control on political power concessions. it means private goods that belong exclusively to those who achieve political or government positions. therefore, these privileges maximize the position of political power. another point of power-seeking parties is that these parties are &mainly derived from governing coalitions in parliamentary democracies& (leiserson 1968; riker 1962). strøm believes that &(coalition type) political parties only seek to increase the certainty point of winning because in his view, &this victory in coalition parliamentary democracies includes control over the executive branch or any other possible branch, and the power-seeking behavior follows these goals& (strøm, 2010: 5).2. policy-seeking; the second pattern of party behavior is policy-seeking behavior, which seeks to maximize influence on public policy. riker shows that if the parties are &policy seeking&, the goal is to take control of the executive body to make changes or apply the desired policies. therefore, governments should include only enough parties to ensure majority support in parliament (riker, 1962).the formation of minority coalition governments is placed in this format. in this strategy, the party decides to seek the greatest impact (role and influence) on the decision-making system, independent of political positions and holding executive power. this type of behavior can be seen especially in multi-party coalition systems. especially in systems where the distance between the first party and other parties is greater and it is not possible to achieve a maximum of 50+1 votes and formation of government, and parties are forced to form alliances with other parties. in such a situation, the coalition parties, by creating the &give the power-take the decision& equation, avoid taking power in order to apply their policies and policies behind the scenes and as sources of decision-making. de swaan expresses this pattern as follows: &policy considerations form the most important part in the minds of activists ... in fact, the parliamentary game is about determining the main policy of the government& (de swaan, 1973: 88).3. vote seeking; the third model is the vote seeking party model. in downs’s primary effect on electoral competition, parties seek to maximize their electoral support to control government. in downs’ famous formulation, &parties set policies to win elections instead of winning elections to set policies& (downs 1957: 28). based on this insight, downs strengthens his argument as follows: &politicians... are motivated by the desire for power, prestige, and income... their primary goal is to be elected [in order to gain office public]. this means that each party seeks to receive more votes than any other party (downs, 1957:30-1).party family of the sweden democrat partyin general, there is a consensus that the sweden democrat party is no longer a single-issue party. their recent manifesto for the 2018 elections, in addition to immigration, covers a wide range of issues such as health care, housing, social cohesion, crime and crime, the labor market, research and education, culture and more (sverigedemokraterna, 2018).strategic turn of the sweden democratic party1. immigration and electoral jump of sweden democratdespite the multicultural efforts of the social democratic party of sweden, it seems that the political and social structure of the swedish society does not consider immigration as a resolved issue and a part of everyday swedish social life. one of the reasons for the emergence of sweden democrat should be considered this issue. the vast literature produced by right-wing parties that sweden faces great challenges from immigrants confirms this. for example, some swedish analysts believe that &the