دولت حداکثری و تهدید امنیت انسانی در جامعه؛ (مقایسه دولت در عربستان سعودی قبل و پس از اصلاحات)

در مطالعات امنیتی، دولت‌ها که مسئول تامین امنیت جامعه هستند که می‌توانند از عوامل مهم تهدید امنیت انسانی به‌حساب آیند. ویژگی‌های بارز چنین دولت‌هایی که با ویژگی یک دولت حداکثری هم‌خوانی دارد، می‌تواند شامل تقدم منافع دولت بر منافع و ارزش‌های افراد جامعه، وجود دستگاه‌های امنیتی داخلی بزرگ و بیش‌ازحد ضرورت در آن‌ها برای اقدامات امنیتی-پلیسی علیه شهروندان جامعه باشد. نقش دولت در عربستان سعودی به‌عنوان یکی از مصادیق موضوع، مساله کانونی پژوهش حاضر است که تلاش دارد با استفاده از روش مقایسه‌ای و توصیفی، چگونگی تهدید امنیت انسانی در جامعه عربستان سعودی از سوی دولت این کشور را، قبل و پس از اصلاحات «محمد بن سلمان» ارزیابی کند. بر اساس مطالعات اولیه، دولت عربستان با شاخص‌های دولت حداکثری، امنیت انسانی را در جامعه تهدید می‌کند. یافته‌های پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که اصلاحات سال‌های اخیر بن سلمان در جامعه عربستان نیز نتوانسته است از شدت این تهدیدات در جامعه بکاهد. شواهد موید آن است که اصلاحات بن سلمان، غالباً سطحی بوده و در طول پیاده‌سازی آن نیز، دولت به دلیل ماهیت حداکثری خود همانند گذشته، از طریق قانون‌گذاری، سیاست‌گذاری عمومی و اجرای برنامه‌های اجتماعی‌اش و از طریق ایجاد نوعی بی‌نظمی سیاسی ناشی از سرکوب رقبای سیاسی داخلی، به‌مثابه عاملی امنیت زدا برای جامعه و افراد انسانی عمل کرده و مهم‌ترین تهدیدات را متوجه اقشار مختلف جامعه کرده است. ازاین‌رو، می‌توان ساختار دولت حاکم در عربستان سعودی را فارغ از نقش کارگزاران در آن، ماهیتاً حداکثری و تهدیدی جدی علیه امنیت انسانی جامعه معرفی کرد.

maximum state and threat to human security in society; (case of study: comparison of the state in saudi arabia before and after the reforms)

in security studies, governments, which are responsible for providing society’s need for security, can be considered as important factors that threaten human security. the important characteristics of such governments can include the priority of the interests of the government over the interests and values of the people of the society, the existence of large internal security apparatuses for security-police measures against the citizens of the society. in today’s world, the issue of personal security and the threats it faces is of particular importance in security studies. individual and human security includes various categories from development to peace and dignity in the individual and group dimensions. today, individual security is examined from different aspects. in the meantime, the government, as an important authority in ensuring the security of the people of the society, can apply serious threats against the people of the society. in other words, it can be said that in security studies, the issue of confrontation and conflict between human security and the interests of the government is a very important issue. since the 1970s, simultaneously with the expansion of the meaning of security in the world, many experts in the field of security studies have come to the conclusion that the nature of the government, considering its structure, can pose serious threats to individual and human security in the society and from in this sense, in a society, the interests of the government can be opposed to the interests of the citizens of the society.the ruling government in saudi arabia is also in a situation similar to the mentioned situation. in the saudi society, there are serious threats from the government to different individuals and groups of the society. with the implementation of agency changes in the political structure of saudi arabia since 2015 and the reforms that have taken place in the cultural and social fields in this country, people have noticed that whether human security in saudi arabia has really been taken into consideration by the current government? the findings of the current research show that despite the aforementioned agency changes in the political structure of saudi arabia, the role of the government structure and the context in which the current government was formed cannot be ignored in this issue. from this point of view, while examining the structure of the government in saudi arabia, the field of research is clarified and the issue of human security and its relationship with the structure of the government are determined, so that through this way, it is possible to examine the issue of human security in this country and examine the role of the government as a structural factor in the threat is heeded. therefore, the threats against human security in saudi arabia by the government, before and after the social and cultural reforms of recent years; will be reviewed. for this purpose, this article seeks to find the answer to the question that how does the structure of the government in saudi arabia threaten human security in the society? in this regard, by comparing the conditions before and after the reforms in this country, the question of whether the threat to human security in the saudi society originates from the structure of the government or the role of the agents who are at the top of the power? according to the conducted studies, the hypothesis of the research has been formulated in such a way that the ruling government in saudi arabia with the characteristics of a maximalist government and possessing characteristics such as authoritarianism, profit seeking and the extensive and decisive performance of the influential security apparatus against individuals, personal and human security it has threatened the whole society and thus the category of human security has no meaning for the ruling