حکمرانی خوب، سرمایه‌ی اجتماعی و اعتماد سیاسی

در این مقاله اهتمام بر آن بود که مقوله «اعتماد سیاسی» و نحوه ایجاد و انباشت آن در نسبت با «سرمایه اجتماعی» تبیین شود. در این رویکرد، اعتماد به‌عنوان یکی از مولفه‌های سرمایه اجتماعی نه ویژگی ذاتی افراد بلکه جنبه‌ای از شرایط و محیطی محسوب می‌شود که افراد در چارچوب آن دست به عمل می‌زنند. بدین‌سان، منشا ایجاد سرمایه اجتماعی در جوامع مختلف با سطح توسعه‌یافتگی متفاوت، متغیر خواهد بود. سنت‌های دیرین، باورهای محلی و کارآمدی نظام سیاسی هر یک به‌تنهایی یا در ترکیب با هم می‌توانند منشا ایجاد سرمایه اجتماعی باشند. دعوی اصلی مقاله حاضر این است که تنها آن نوع سرمایه اجتماعی می‌تواند خالق «اعتماد سیاسی» پایدار باشد که مولود الگوی «حکمرانی خوب» است؛ چراکه این الگو، فراتر از «حکومت»، مشتمل بر «جامعه مدنی» و «فرد-شهروند» توانمند است که با خلق سرمایه اجتماعی در ابعاد کلان، میانی و خُرد کلیت نظام اجتماعی، به‌طور غیرمستقیم بسترساز اعتماد سیاسی مدنی و عقلایی می‌گردد. ادعایی که در پرتو مدلی «فرا نظریه»ای، بدین معنا که نسبت میان حکمرانی خوب، سرمایه اجتماعی و اعتماد سیاسی در مقام یک «نظریه»، مورد سنجش قرارگرفته است. استوار بر این استدلال، «حکمرانان» برای تعمیق و نهادمندی اعتماد سیاسی باید ذهن خود را بر تغییر پارادایمی متمرکز نماید که در ماهیت اِعمال سیاست ورزی در دهه پایانی قرن بیستم و اوایل قرن بیست و یکم رخ‌داده است. روشِ گردآوری داده‌ها در این مقاله اسنادی و کتابخانه‌ای و روش داوری و تفسیر اطلاعات گردآوری شده نیز تحلیلی و تبیینی است.

good governance, social capital and political trust

in this article, the aim was to explain the category of political trust and how it is created and accumulated in relation to social capital. in this approach, trust as one of the components of social capital is not an inherent characteristic of individuals but an aspect of the conditions and environment in which individuals act. thus, the source of social capital creation will vary in different societies with different levels of development. long-standing traditions, local beliefs, and the efficiency of the political system, each alone or in combination, can be the source of social capital. the main argument of the present article is that only the kind of social capital that can create a lasting political trust that is born of the good governance model; because this model, beyond government, includes civil society and capable individual-citizen which, by creating social capital in macro, medium and micro dimensions of the social system as a whole, indirectly lays the foundation for civil and rational political trust. in other words, only that type of social capital which is the product of corruption control, rule of law, responsibility, transparency, external effectiveness, internal efficiency and free flow of information from the ruling political system can generate a kind of political trust should be active and effective, and such factors are possible only in the light of a type of governance called good governance. in this sense, good governance as a model consisting of an efficient government, an active civil society and individual empowerment and the dynamics of the private sector can be a generator of a special type of social capital with a civil and rational nature that is the necessary platform for provide stable political trust. in this structure, the relationships between governance components are horizontal and parallel. the components are mutually related to each other and the relationship is such that synergy and unity among actors is established in the drawing of macro-strategies. that is, in this sector, the structure of good governance is not hierarchical and its art is the interaction between social forces, i.e. market, government and civil society. the door of this structure is open for the decisions and implementation of general policies, while diversity and conflict of opinions, and the interactions are based on the needs and the main mechanism of the society. therefore, good governance includes a set of formal and informal actors that influence the decision-making process, and most development institutions make the promotion of this model of governance an important part of their agenda. it is due to such characteristics that governance is defined as directed influence in the social process in which various mechanisms are involved. some of these mechanisms are very complex and do not originate solely from public sector actors. therefore, all the definitions of governance express a broader concept of government, which does not only include government actors and institutions, but also includes the three institutions of government, civil society, and the private sector. the government creates a political and legal environment, the private sector creates employment and income, and the civil society facilitates the political and social interaction of active groups to participate in economic, social and political activities. therefore, the task of good governance is to provide the basis for cooperation and coordination between these three sectors as much as possible.based on this, the main claim of the article, that is, the relationship between political trust and a certain type of social capital, is explained in the light of a meta-theoretical model. that is, the relationship between