t helper1/t helper2 and interferon-γ/interleukin-10 ratios in liver transplant rejection

Introduction: immune monitoring in transplant recipients, examining lymphocyte subsets and cytokine levels, is pivotal for advancing individualized medicine in transplantation. this study aims to assess t helper 1 and 2 cells in acute liver transplant rejection.material & methods: thirty liver transplantation candidates were enrolled pre- and six months post-transplantation under stable condition. additionally, fifteen recipients with acute rejection, matched for age and transplantation duration, were included. flow cytometry and elisa assessed tcd4+cxcr3+ifn-γ (t helper 1) and tcd4+ccr4+il-4+ (th2) cell frequencies, as well as serum ifn-γ and il-10 levels.results: stable recipients showed significant decreases in th1 and th2 cell percentages six months post-transplant (both p < 0.0001), maintaining a comparable th1/th2 ratio. serum ifn-γ levels also decreased. conversely, the rejection group exhibited higher th1 cell proportions and increased ifn-γ concentration compared to stable recipients (p = 0.03 and 0.001, respectively). il-10 levels slightly decreased in both groups. consequently, the ifn-γ/il-10 ratio significantly increased during acute rejection (p < 0.0001). th1 cell frequency and ifn-γ levels negatively correlated with allograft function.conclusion: six months post-transplant, stable recipients experienced decreased th1 and th2 cell percentages, maintaining th1/th2 balance. the ifn-γ/il-10 ratio significantly increased during acute rejection, indicating an immunological imbalance. elevated th1 frequency and ifn-γ levels were negatively correlated with allograft function, emphasizing their potential role in rejection dynamics.