the effect of eye mask and selected music on the level of anxiety and hemodynamic parameters in patients undergoing cardiac angiography

Context: anxiety is common among patients undergoing coronary angiography.aims: the aim of this study was to examine the comparative effects of eye masks and music on anxietylevels and hemodynamic indices of patients undergoing coronary angiography.setting and design: this is a single‑blind randomized clinical trial conducted on 300 patients undergoingcoronary angiography.materials and methods: patients were recruited using convenience sampling and then randomly allocatedto one of the four groups. ten minutes before the coronary angiography, baseline anxiety levels weremeasured using the state‑trait anxiety inventory. patients’ hemodynamic indices were also measured andrecorded immediately before they entered the cath‑lab operating room, as soon as, they were in bed in thecath‑lab operating room, 5 min after the start of coronary angiography, and immediately and 20 min after thecompletion of coronary angiography. anxiety levels were measured again 20 min after coronary angiography.statistical analysis used: all statistical analyses were conducted using spss 22 software. mean andsd indices were used. the normality of both overt and covert anxiety variables was confirmed usingkolmogorov–smirnov test. the presence of intervening variables was examined using analysis of variance,the final analysis was performed using analysis of covariance. for all analyses, a p < 0.05 was consideredto be statistically significant.results: the mean scores on overt and covert anxiety decreased after intervention. a statistically significantdifference was observed among the four groups on overt and covert anxiety (p < 0.001). compared tobefore coronary angiography (p < 0.001) and routine care only group (p < 0.001), hemodynamic indiceshad a decreasing trend during coronary angiography in the intervention groups.conclusion: the results of the present study revealed that nonverbal, relaxing, and classical music significantlyreduced anxiety and hemodynamic indices of patients undergoing coronary angiography. future studiesshould examine the effectiveness of other music genres on anxiety and hemodynamic indices in patientsundergoing coronary angiography.