شناسایی چالش های توسعه آموزش از راه دور از منظر اساتید دانشگاه پیام نور

در ﺟﻬﺎن اﻣﺮوز ﻧﻈﺎم ﻫﺎی آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺸﺘﺮک و ﻣﺘﻔﺎوﺗﯽ در ﻧﻮﺳﺎزی آﻣﻮزش دارﻧﺪ. ﺗﺠﺮﺑﮥ ﮐﺸﻮرﻫﺎ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻓﻨﺎوریﻫﺎی ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮن در آﻣﻮزش، اﺑﺰارﻫﺎی ﻧﯿﺮوﻣﻨﺪی را ﺑﺮای اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﯿﺖ ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺮ آﻣﻮزش، ﺗﻮﺳﻌﮥ ﻓﺮﺻﺖ ﻫﺎی ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮی، ﮔﺴﺘﺮش دﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﺮاﺑﺮ ﺑﻪ آﻣﻮزش، ارﺗﻘﺎی ﮐﺎراﯾﯽ ﮐﺎرﮐﻨﺎن آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ، ﺑﻬﺒﻮد ﮐﯿﻔﯿﺖ ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮی، ارﺗﻘﺎء ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ و ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ رﯾﺰی آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ، اﯾﺠﺎد زﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻫﺎی ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮی ﻣﺪاوم، اراﯾﮥ آﻣﻮزش ﻫﺎی ﻣﺠﺎزی و آﻣﻮزش ﻣﺎدام اﻟﻌﻤﺮ ﺑﻪ دﺳﺖ ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ. ﺑﺎ ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏﻫﺎی آﻣﻮزﺷﯽ ﻣﺒﺘﻨﯽ ﺑﺮ راﯾﺎﻧﻪ، اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی ﺳﻨﺘﯽ آﻣﻮزش ﮐﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎر ﻣﻨﻔﻌﻞ ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ، ﺟﺎی ﺧﻮد را ﺑﻪ اﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎی ﻣﺪرن ﺗﺮ ﺳﭙﺮدﻧﺪ. ﺷﯿﻮه ﻫﺎی ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺧﻮاﺳﺘﺎر ﻣﺸﺎرﮐﺖ ﻓﻌﺎل ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪه در ﻓﺮآﯾﻨﺪ ﯾﺎدﮔﯿﺮی اﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﻫﺴﺖ ﺑﺎ ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ روﺑﺮو ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻟﺬا ﻫﺪف ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﭼﺎﻟﺶﻫﺎی ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ آﻣﻮزش از راه دور از ﻣﻨﻈﺮ اﺳﺎﺗﯿﺪ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﭘﯿﺎم ﻧﻮر ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ. روش ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻫﺪف، ﮐﺎرﺑﺮدی و ﺑﻪ ﻟﺤﺎظ ﻧﺤﻮه ﮔﺮدآوری اﻃﻼﻋﺎت؛ ﮐﯿﻔﯽ از ﻧﻮع ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﺤﺘﻮا اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﭘﺲ از ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﮔﯿﺮی ﻫﺪﻓﻤﻨﺪ از ﻧﻮع ﻫﻤﮕﻮن و ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ اﺳﻨﺎد و ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت، ﻓﺮاﯾﻨﺪ ﻣﺼﺎﺣﺒﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن ﮐﻠﯿﺪی و ﻣﻄﻠﻊ ﺗ ﺎ ﻫﻨﮕﺎم ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ اﺑﻌﺎد، ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎ و ﺣﺼﻮل اﺷﺒﺎع ﻧﻈﺮی اﺳﺘﻤﺮار ﯾﺎﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮای ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ از ﻣﺠﻤﻮع دادهﻫﺎی ﮔﺮدآوری ﺷﺪه، ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ، ﯾﺎدداﺷﺖ ﺑﺮداری و ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪی ﻣﻔﺎﻫﯿﻢ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺪﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر اﻃﻼﻋﺎت ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻊ و ﻣﺘﻮﻧﺒﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از روش ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﺠﺪد ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ و ﺑﺼﻮرت دﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻋﻤﺪه ﺗﺮ ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪی ﺷﺪ. در ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ، دﺳﺘﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺎزﺑﯿﻨﯽ و ﻣﻮارد ﺗﮑﺮاری ﺣﺬف، ﻣﻮارد ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ و ﮐﻮﭼﮑﺘﺮ ادﻏﺎم و اﺑﻌﺎد ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻣﺸﺨﺺ و درﭼﺎرﭼﻮب ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﺑﺪﺳﺖ آﻣﺪه ﺳﻄﺢﺑﻨﺪی ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎم ﻣﺮاﺣﻞ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﺤﻘﻖ و ﺑﺪون اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻧﺮم اﻓﺰار ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺣﺎﺻﻠﻪ، ﻣﺪل اﺳﺘﺨﺮاﺟﯽ دارای 2 ﺑﻌﺪ، 7 ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪ و 45 ﺷﺎﺧﺺ ﺑﺮای ﭼﺎﻟﺶ ﻫﺎی آﻣﻮزش اﻟﮑﺘﺮوﻧﯿﮑﯽ داﻧﺸﮕﺎه اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ. ﭘﺲ از ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪن ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ دادهﻫﺎ و اﺳﺘﺨﺮاج ﻣﺪل ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻣﯽ، ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻈﻮر ﺳﻨﺠﺶ اﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﻣﺪل ﺑﺎ10 ﻧﻔﺮ از ﺧﺒﺮﮔﺎن و ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﻧﻈﺮان داﻧﺸﮕﺎه در ﻗﺎﻟﺐ ﯾﮏ ﮔﺮوه ﮐﺎﻧﻮﻧﯽ درﺧﺼﻮص اﺑﻌﺎد، ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﻫﺎ و ﺷﺎﺧﺺﻫﺎی ﺗﻮاﻓﻖ ﺻﻮرت ﭘﺬﯾﺮﻓﺖ.

Identifying Challenges to Development of Distance Education from the Perspective of Payame Noor University Professors

The purpose of the research is to identify the challenges of distance education development from the perspective of professors of Payame Noor University. The research method is qualitative in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection. In this research, after purposeful sampling and reviewing documents and research, the process of interviewing key and informed experts continued until the full identification, description, and characterization of the dimensions, components and indices and theoretical saturation were achieved. In order to determine the logical framework of the collected data, the steps of identifying, taking notes and classifying the concepts were performed. To this end, the collected information and texts were reviewed and categorized into major categories. Finally, the categories were reviewed and the duplicates removed, similar and smaller mergers and dimensions of the specific topic were categorized within the obtained components and indices. Based on the results, two-dimensional extraction model, 7 components, and 45 indices were extracted for university e-learning challenges. After finalizing the data analysis and extracting the conceptual model, the validity of the model was evaluated with 10 experts and university experts in a focus group on dimensions, components and indicators of agreement.