ارزیابی مطلوبیت طراحی مسیرهای شهری برای دوچرخه سواری با رویکرد شهر دوستدار دوچرخه مطالعه موردی: شهر یزد

با توجه به ضرورت توسعه پایدار و اهمیت روزافزون آن در مسائل شهری، امروزه در شهرهای مختلف دنیا دوچرخه به‌عنوان یک وسیله نقلیه اصلی و پایدار روزبه‌روز موردتوجه بیشتری قرار می‌گیرد. بنابراین هدف از اجرای این پژوهش ارزیابی مطلوبیت طراحی مسیرهای شهری برای دوچرخه‌سواری و رابطه آن با شاخص‌های شهر دوستدار دوچرخه در سطح شهر یزد است. این تحقیق ازنظر هدف کاربردی توسعه‌ای و ازنظر ماهیت و روش، توصیفی از نوع پیمایشی است. جمع‌آوری اطلاعات در این پژوهش به شیوه کتابخانه‌ای، اسنادی و پیمایشی بوده است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شهروندان شهر یزد است. برای برآورد حجم نمونه با توجه به حجم و اندازه جامعه و تجانس و همگونی افراد جامعه، از روش تخمین شخصی استفاده شده است که 120 نفر به‌عنوان حجم نمونه در نظر گرفته شده‌اند. در این پژوهش از روش‌های هدفمند (گلوله برفی و متواتر نظری) استفاده شده است. به‌منظور ارزیابی و رتبه‌بندی شاخص‌ها از تکنیکuta  و برای تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون‌های آماری در نرم‌افزار spss استفاده‌شده است. براساس نتایج به‌دست‌آمده از تکنیک uta و وزن‌دهی شاخص‌های مربوط که به روش سلسله مراتبی فولر انجام‌گرفته است، مشخص شد که معیار امنیت با وزن 0.344 در رتبه اول و معیار پیوستگی با وزن 0.181 در رتبه آخر قرار دارند. در تحلیل همبستگی پیرسون مشخص شد که بین متغیرهای درآمد، جنسیت، سن و تحصیلات با سطح رضایت دوچرخه‌سواران، رابطه معناداری وجود ندارد؛ اما بین رعایت استانداردها در مسیرهای شهری با سطح رضایت این افراد رابطه برقرار است. درنهایت می‌توان نتیجه گرفت که مطلوبیت طراحی مسیرهای شهری برای دوچرخه‌سواری می‌تواند منجر به ایجاد شهر دوستدار دوچرخه در سطح شهر یزد شود.

Evaluating the desirability of urban routes’ design for cyclingfrom the view point of the BikeFriendly city approach Case study: Yazd City

Extended AbstractIntroductionToday, the increasing growth of urbanization and urban population and consequently, heavier traffic and larger number of motor vehicles in urban and suburban areas have created many problems for the transportation system. On the other hand, the unresolved problem of traffic congestion in cities and the related air pollution have had seriously damaged health and life quality of many citizens and resulted in the death of many patients diagnosed with lung and heart diseases. Therefore, the present study seeks to investigate the desirability of urban routes’ design for cycling and its relationship with the indices of a bikefriendly city in Yazd. The present study addresses these questions: how desirable is the design of urban routes for cycling in Yazd? Do present rules and standards increase the satisfaction of cyclists? What is the relationship between the desirability of urban cycling route designs and developing a bikefriendly city? Materials & MethodsThe present descriptive study is considered to be a survey in terms of nature and methodology and applieddevelopmental in terms of purpose. Data collection was performed using library, documentary and survey methods. Citizens of Yazd were selected as the statistical population. Personal estimation method was used to ensure a homogeneous and standard sample is selected with an appropriate size. The sample included 20 experts and urban designers and 100 cyclists who have cycled on urban routes in Yazd. Purposeful methods of sampling such as snowball and theoretical sequence have been used in the present study. Results & DiscussionResults obtained from the UTA technique and the Fuller hierarchical method used to weigh relevant indicators show that the security criterion has ranked first (with a weight of 0/344) while the continuity criterion has ranked last (with a weight of 0/181). Pearson correlation analysis did not find any significant relationship between income, gender, age and education with cyclists’ satisfaction level, but a significant relationship was found between the observance of standards in urban routes and the level of satisfaction. Considering the linear regression diagram and r2 = 0/52, a desirable design for urban cycling routes can provide up to 52 percent of the conditions required for turning Yazd into a bikefriendly city.In general, findings of the present study are closely related with Bicalho et al. (2019), Yang et al. (2019) and Nazarpour and Saedi (2020) concluding that developing cycling infrastructure in accordance with appropriate rules and standards, holding workshops to create a positive attitude and a greater understanding in urban planners toward cycling, improving street connections and the desirability of the cycling routes’ designs for cyclists will enhance the creation of a bikefriendly city. The present study indicates that compliance with national standards and regulations in urban routes is mandatory for cyclists. Findings are also closely related with PodgórniakKrzykacza and TrippnerHrabi (2021), Babiano et al. (2017), Shabanpour and Zareh (2019), Manafi Azar et al. (2018) and Soleimani et al. (2017) which indicate that cycling increases access to transportation network, prevents congestion and inefficiency of public transportation, reduces traffic jams, increases safety and security, prevents environmental pollution and results in sustainable urban transportation.  Thus, the present study has concluded that a desirable design for urban cycling routes can turn Yazd into a bikefriendly city. ConclusionResults of UTA technique indicated that rules, regulations, and bylaws assigned for cycling paths in Iran such as longitudinal slope, cross slope, open sight distance and stopping sight distance, minimum radius of curvature of the bike lanes, horizontal signs, and special traffic lights shall be reviewed and practically used to create a more comfortable space for cyclists. The analysis indicates that urban routes in Iran must be designed in accordance with the standards of cycling routes, and the respondents have also emphasized on this necessity. Moreover, it was indicated that there is a positive correlation between compliance with standards and the level of comfort in cyclists. In other words, compliance with standards in urban routes’ designs increases the level of comfort in cyclists. Finally, it can be concluded that there is a positive and meaningful relationship between the desirability of urban routes’ designs for cycling and the chance of turning Yazd into a bikefriendly city.