شناسایی تغییرات نظارت نشده از تصاویر با قدرت تفکیک مکانی بالا با استفاده از آنالیز انتخاب ویژگی آماری و بر اساس ادغام روش حد آستانه گذاری دو مقیاسه و روش خوشه بندی سلسله مراتبی بهبودیافته

شناسایی تغییرات از تصاویر سنجش از دوری به‌منظور پایش تغییرات مناطق شهری و غیرشهری مسائل زیست‌محیطی بحث مدیریت بحران و دیگر کاربردها یکی از مسائل مطرح میان متخصصان این حوزه می‌باشد. ارائه روشی مناسب به‌منظور شناسایی تغییرات از تصاویر با قدرت تفکیک مکانی بسیار بالا می‌تواند با چالش‌های زیادی مواجه ‌شود. بسیاری از روش‌های شناسایی تغییرات با قدرت تفکیک مکانی بالا نیازمند آموزش الگوریتم هستند. در این مقاله روش شناسایی تغییرات از تصاویر سنجش از دوری با قدرت تفکیک مکانی بالا بدون نیاز به آموزش الگوریتم ارائه شده است. در روش ارائه شده ویژگی‌های طیفی و مکانی از تصاویر قبل و بعد از منطقه مورد مطالعه استخراج شده و سپس تصاویر اختلاف متناظر با ویژگی‌های حاوی محتوای اطلاعاتی بالا تولید شده‌اند. در مرحله بعد اطلاعات تغییرات متناظر با نقشه‌ی تغییرات ویژگی به فضای کروی نگاشت می‌یابد. با استفاده از روش حدآستانه‌گذاری در فضای کروی نقشه‌ی اولیّه‌ای ایجاد شده و همچنین با روش خوشه‌بندی سلسله مراتبی منظم‌شده به‌وسیله‌ی روش میدان تصادفی مارکوف نقشه‌ی ثانویه‌ای ایجاد می‌شود. با تصمیم‌گیری میان نقشه‌ی اولیه و ثانویه و تصمیم‌گیری نهایی نقشه‌ی تغییرات منطقه‌ی مورد مطالعه ایجاد شده است. نقشه ایجاد شده دقت کلی 92.56 درصدی را در منطقه نشان داده است.

A novel unsupervised change detection method from highresolution remotely sensed image based on using statistical feature selection nalysis and integration of multi thresholding method and improved hierarchical clustering algorithm

Extended AbstractIntroductionChange detection (CD) from remote sensing image considered an important topic among scientist because of its application in monitoring urban and nonurban area, environmental issue, damage assessment, etc. Presenting an efficient CD method from a highresolution image can face a different challenge; most of the CD method from a highresolution image requires training procedure to overcome this challenge. In this paper, an unsupervised (without needing training process) CD algorithm proposed from the highresolution image. In this method spatial and spectral features extracted from bitemporal images of the studied area. Difference images generated from high information content features. Then generated different images mapped into spherical space. The Primary change map created using implemented multithresholding method on created spherical space and the second change map created using hierarchical clustering regularized by Markov random field method. The final change map created by integrating the result of primary and secondary change maps. The final change map shows an overall accuracy of 92.56% in the studied area. Data and methodsThe data used in this paper is a subset of the main data with dimensions of 2000 * 2000 from an urban area in the city of Mashhad. These images corresponded to the two periods of 1390 and 1395 and were taken with UAV. The orthoimage is related to the first time with a spatial resolution of 6 cm and the second image is taken with a pixel size of 10 cm. In this paper, in order to detect of change of highresolution images, first, the input images are registered in terms of spectral and spatial, and then feature images are extracted from each input image separately. In the next step, the differences images corresponding to high information content feature images are calculated. . The optimal difference images are mapped to the spherical space using selected statistical methods and in order to better analysis of the results. Otsu multithresholding method implemented on r component of sphere space. In the next step, the optimal difference image mapped to a spherical space is divided into nonoverlapping blocks with the same dimensions; a cumulative hierarchical clustering method is applied for each block separately. In this case, the computational volume and space proposed in the hierarchical clustering method are reduced. The results of the cumulative clustering of the blocks are merged together and then the Markov random field method is used in order to regularize the results of the cluster in order to reduce noise.In final clustering, the class values below the lowest Otsu threshold are known as unchanged pixels with high reliability and the values above the maximum threshold are determined as changed pixels. The class of middle interval is unknown. For determining, the class of middle interval the corresponded output of hierarchy clustering regularized with a random Markov field is used. In the last step, a vegetation and shadow mask is used for final postprocessing. Results and discussionIn order to an accurate assessment of the proposed method on the mentioned study area, a ground truth image with 11073 pixels has been used as a ground test image. The proposed method has shown an overall accuracy of 92.56 in the study area. The accuracy of detecting changed pixels shows 81.61% and the accuracy of detection unchanged pixels shows 92.77%. The false alarm percentage is 0.21 percent and the missed alarm accuracy is 0.0723 percent. For comparative evaluation, the proposed method is compared with the change vector analysis algorithm. In this section, the selected features in the feature extraction section are entered in the change analysis algorithm, and then the multi thresholding algorithm and shadow analysis used to create the final change map. This method has shown increasing the alarm in comparison with the proposed method. The accuracy of changed and unchanged pixels in the change vector analysis method is equal to 52.98 and 89.24%, respectively. Comparing these results with the results of the proposed method shows the efficiency of the proposed method. ConclusionIn this paper, the new unsupervised change detection method presented based on the combination of multi thresholding and the hierarchical clustering algorithm. Compared to supervised methods that require training data, this method does not require training data. In this method, textural and spatialspectral features are extracted from images with high spatial resolution, which covers the discussion of the importance of neighborhoods in images with high spatial resolution. In the next step, the extracted features that have a high information content are selected, which helps to reduce the redundancy of the information. The contrast images of the features with high information content are created to differentiate the location of the changes. Spherical computing space is considered as the basic computing space. In order to create a binary change map, two analyzes have been performed on the spherical computational space. First, the Otsu multithresholding method has been applied. The values of the smaller and larger thresholds have definite classes. But the value of the middle interval needs to be further analyzed using the hierarchical clustering method. In this section, the middle pixel class is examined, and then a final adjustment is performed using Markov field and shadow and vegetation analysis in order to postprocess and prevent false changes. In this paper, the parameters of changed accuracy – unchanged accuracy overall accuracy false and missed alarms have been used to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed method with a ground accuracy map. In order to make a comparative study, the proposed method is compared with the change vector analysis method of the created feature space. The results show the efficiency of the proposed method.