مکانیابی پایگاه های پشتیبانی مدیریت بحران با رویکرد پدافند غیرعامل در مناطق مرزی - مطالعه موردی: شهرستان بانه

در ﺳﺎلﻫﺎی اﺧﻴﺮ اﺣﺪاث ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎهﻫﺎی ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺤﺮان در دﺳﺘﻮر ﻛﺎر ﺳﺎزﻣﺎن ﭘﻴﺸﮕﻴﺮی و ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺤﺮان ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﻳﻜﻲ از ﻣﻮارد ﻗﺎﺑﻞﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﻗﺒﻞ از اﺣﺪاث اﻳﻦ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎهﻫﺎ، ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ و اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﻣﻜﺎن ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﻴﺎﻳﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺑﺮای اﺳﺘﻘﺮار اﻳﻦ ﻧﻮع ﻛﺎرﺑﺮی‌ها اﺳﺖ. ﻣﻜﺎﻧﻲﻛﻪ در ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ ﺑﺤﺮاﻧﻲ، ﻣﺤﻠﻲ اﻳﻤﻦ ﺑﺮای ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎه ﺑﺎﺷﺪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﻴﻦ در ﺟﻬﺖ ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ ﻫﺮﭼﻪ ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎه ﻣوﺛﺮ و ﻣﻔﻴﺪ واﻗﻊ ﺷﻮد. موقعیت جغرافیایی شهرستان بانه که در همسایگی کشور عراق قرار دارد و مسائل مربوط به مخاطرات طبیعی (زمین‌شناسی، اقلیمی و غیره) و غیرطبیعی (سیاسی - امنیتی) دست به دست هم داده تا اصول پدافند غیرعامل به‌ویژه مهم‌ترین بخش آن که مکانیابی مراکز پایگاه‌های پشتیبانی مدیریت بحران می‌باشد، در این منطقه مرزی مورد توجه قرار گیرد. از این‌رو، هدف ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ حاضر ﻣﻜﺎنﻳﺎﺑﻲ ﭘﺎﻳﮕﺎهﻫﺎی ﭘﺸﺘﻴﺒﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﺪﻳﺮﻳﺖ ﺑﺤﺮان در شهرستان بانه است.داده‌ها با تکیه بر مطالعات کتابخانه‌ای و بررسی اسناد و توزیع پرسشنامه بین کارشناسان، گردآوری شده است. معیارهای پژوهش نیز به دو دسته‌ی طبیعی و انسانی (انسان ساخت) دسته‌بندی شده‌اند و شامل زیرمعیارهای ارتفاع، شیب، جهت شیب، پوشش گیاهی، لیتولوژی،فاصله از گسل، فاصله از رودخانه، بارش، فاصله از شهر و روستا، راه‌های ارتباطی، جایگاه‌های سوخت، مراکز درمانی، مراکز امدادی، مراکز نظامی و انتظامی، فضاهای باز و فاصله از مرز بین‌المللی با کشور عراق می‌باشند. برای تجزیه و تحلیل پرسشنامه از روش تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (ahp) و برای پردازش داده‌ها از نرم‌افزارهای expert choice و arc gis استفاده شد. ضریب اهمیت هر یک از معیارها نیز در نرم‌افزار arc gis با مدل ahp-fuzzy تجزیه و تحلیل شده و نهایتاً نتایج به‌صورت مکانی و در قالب نقشه ارائه شد. نتایج پژوهش نشان می‌دهد، در مکان‌یابی پایگاه‌های پشتیبانی مدیریت بحران، معیارهای طبیعی وزن کمتری نسبت به معیارهای انسانی به‌دست آورده‌اند. در ضمن، زیرمعیارهای نزدیکی به مراکز درمانی، بیشترین وزن (0.151) و پوشش گیاهی و جهت شیب کمترین وزن (0.016) را به خود اختصاص دادند. از نظر مکان‌یابی نیز، بیشترین مساحت شهرستان بانه، وضعیت مناسبی را برای استقرار پایگاه‌های پشتیبانی مدیریت بحران ندارد و مناسب‌ترین مکان، مناطق میانی شهرستان می‌باشد.

Site selection for disaster management and support bases in border areas from the perspective of passive defense Case study: Baneh County

Extended AbstractIntroductionRecently, Disaster Mitigation and Management Organization of Iran has focused on construction of disaster management and support bases. To reach such an aim, it is necessary to investigate different areas and select an appropriate geographical location for this type of land use. The selected location must be safe in critical conditions and make the base as efficient as possible. Accurate site selection is a necessary step towards prevention, preparedness and dealing with various disasters. Selecting an appropriate location for these bases is extremely important in their relief operations. Thus, the bases must be properly accessible while having a strong structure unthreatened by any risk. Disaster management measures are based on information analysis and take advantage of geographical information tools for spatial analysis. Geographic Information System (GIS) can be used in all stages of disaster management. Geographic information system is a very useful tool for implementation of logical models, decision making about land use allocation, selection of the most suitable site, evaluation of suitable options and finally reaching an integrated choice. Geographical location of Baneh in vicinity of IranIraq border, and related natural hazards (geological, climatic, and etc.) and unnatural threats (politicalsecurity) have made passive defense and especially site selection for disaster management and support bases a crucial issue in this border area. Therefore, the present study seeks to select the best possible site for disaster management and support bases in Baneh. Materials and MethodsData have been collected through library research and questionnaires distributed among experts. Research criteria have also been classified into natural and unnatural (manmade) categories which include altitude, slope, slope direction, vegetation, lithology, distance from fault line, distance from river, climatic factor (precipitation), link roads, distance from city, distance from village, gas stations, health centers, relief agencies, military and police stations, open spaces and distance from the international IranIraq border. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to analyze the questionnaires and Expert Choice and Arc GIS software were used for data processing. The importance coefficient of the criteria were analyzed in Arc GIS software using AHP FUZZY model and the final results were presented in the form of a map.ResultsResults indicate that unnatural (manmade) criteria received a higher weight as compared to natural criteria. Among these criteria, vicinity to health centers received the highest weight (0.151), while vegetation and slope direction received the lowest weight (0.016). ​​Baneh generally lacks a proper situation for the construction of disaster management and support bases except for the cities in the middle of the county. ConclusionDue to the occurrence of various natural disasters and unnatural (human) threats in the border areas of the country including the county of Baneh which have affected the security of the region by their serious damages and high death tolls, it is necessary to focus on passive defense in site selection for disaster management and support bases in these areas. Results indicated that quick and easy access from bases to health centers and relief agencies, link roads, police stations and proximity to cities have the highest priority in site selection for disaster management and support bases. Other desirable passive defense criteria include distance from IranIraq border and distance from fault lines. The final map shows unacceptable situation of the county in terms of disaster management bases. Except for cities located in the middle of this county such as Baneh, Buin, Armardeh and Kanisour, other cities lack a proper situation for construction of these bases. Such a situation results in higher vulnerability of these areas in probable disasters. Therefore, it is necessary to adopt shortterm and practical programs along with important and effective criteria of passive defense to find the most optimal sites for disaster management and support bases in Baneh County.