بررسی و مقایسه تاب آوری اجتماعات از پیش ایجاد شده و اجتماعات برنامه ریزی شده به منظور کاهش اثرات سوانح طبیعی (زلزله)؛ مطالعه موردی: شهر نورآباد و مسکن مهر شهر نورآباد

مدیریت بلایای طبیعی نیازمند شناخت ماهیت، ارزیابی  های دقیق، برنامه  ریزی و سپس ارائه راهکار مناسب است. امروزه اکثر برنامه  ریزی  های صورت گرفته در زمینۀ مدیریت زلزله به بازۀ زمانی حین و بعد از وقوع بحران محدود شده است و کمتر به برنامه  ریزی  های پیش از وقوع زلزله توجه می  شود. از میان برنامه  های کاهش مخاطرات می  توان تاب  آوری را برنامه  ای دقیق  تر و موفق  تر به دلیل توجه آن به ابعاد اجتماعی، نهادی، اقتصادی و کالبدی یک شهر دانست. هدف این مقاله اولویت  بندی و بررسی تاب  آوری شهر نورآباد و مسکن مهر نورآباد است. برای رسیدن به این هدف، از تکنیک ترکیبی ahpvikor استفاده شده است. روش تحقیق این مقاله توصیفی تحلیلی و ابزار جمع  آوری اطلاعات شامل مطالعات اسنادی و پیمایشی از طریق توزیع پرسشنامه است. در این پژوهش با بهره  گیری از تکنیک وایکور، نظر ساکنان شهر نورآباد و مسکن مهر نورآباد برای تعیین ارزش و اهمیت معیارها، با هم ترکیب شده و با استفاده از روشahp وزن نهایی معیارها با اعمال وزن حاصل در میزان معیارها محاسبه شده است. با اعمال وزن حاصل در میزان اولیه  ی معیارها و تلفیق شاخص  های وزنی، شهر نورآباد و مسکن مهر از لحاظ تاب  آوری اولویت  بندی شده  اند. نتایج حاصل از این پژوهش نشان می  دهد که شهر نورآباد بر اساس شاخص  های مربوط به 0.763 = s و 0.49= r  و 0.966= q بالاترین سطح تاب  آوری و مسکن مهر نورآباد 0.666= s  و 0.272= r  و 0.626= q  پایین  ترین سطح تاب  آوری را داشته  اند. با توجه به شاخص q شهر نورآباد (اجتماعات از پیش ایجاد شده) در ابعاد اجتماعی، نهادی، اقتصادی و کالبدی در زمینه تاب  آوری در برابر مخاطرات طبیعی (زلزله) نسبت به مسکن مهر نورآباد (اجتماعات برنامه  ریزی شده) در وضعیت مطلوب  تری قرار دارد.

Investigating and comparing the resilience of precreated and planned communities to reduce the impacts of natural disasters (earthquake) (Case study: Nourabad County and Maskane Mehr of Nourabad City)

Extended Abstract: Introduction: Natural disasters have always been considered to be a great challengefor sustainable development throughout the world. Consequently, the paths to this development through the vulnerability reduction patterns are very important. Therefore, it is particularly important to reduce the risks of these disasters and necessary to consider a proper position in the national policymaking of countries in order to provide an appropriate condition for the effective reduction of the risks in different levels. Most of the plans made in the field of earthquake management are limited to the time interval during and after the occurrence of the crisis and less attention is paid to the predisaster planning. Among the plans for the risk reduction, resilience can be considered a more accurate and successful plan due to its consideration of social, institutional, economic, and physical aspects of a city. In fact,it aims to reduce the vulnerability of the communities and prepare people to face the risks caused by natural disasters. The management of natural disasters requires understanding their nature, accurate assessments, planning and finally providing proper strategies. Hence, it is very important to explain the relationship between resilience in natural disasters (such as earthquake) and reducetheir impact given the results that it might have and the emphasis of this analysis on the aspect of resilience. Materials & Methods:The present study is an applied study in terms of purpose and is adescriptive survey type in terms of research method. Documentary method based on library studies and survey approach with a questionnaire tool was used to collect the research data. The assessment criteria for the resilience of urban communities were first determined in the present study. Then, a questionnaire was designed and distributed among the residents of Nourabad and Maskane Mehr in order to prepare the initial matrix for these criteria. The study population consists of the residents of Nourabad and Maskane Mehr of this city. Cochran’s formula was used to estimate the sample size. According to the initial results of the census conducted in 2016, the population of Nourabad, including the residents of Maskane Mehr, was 66417. Therefore,given this population, the sample size was obtained to be 384 for the city of Nourabad using Cochran’s formula and the sample size for Maskane Mehr was obtained to be 500 households with household dimension of 5.5, given the number of households settled in Maskane Mehr until the end of 2017. The sample size was estimated to be 340 people for Maskane Mehr using Morgan’s table,. The scoring basis of the criteria was based on Likert 5point scale with1 representing very low, 2 low, 3 medium, 4 high, and 5 very high. Finally, the average point of this questionnaire was considered as the initial matrix for VIKOR model. In the proposed method, the final weight of the criteria was determined based on AHP pairwise comparison matrix. Finally, the criteria were ranked based on VIKOR technique procedure. In general, the findings of the current research were analyzed through hierarchy analysis and integration of the indices using VIKOR technique. Results & Discussion:In the first step, the raw data of each criterion associated with the resilience of Nourabad County and Maskane Mehr, which were extracted from the questionnaire, were used and the decisionmaking matrix was created. In the second step, Equation (1) was used to obtain the weight normalization matrix for Nourabad and Maskane Mehr. In the third step, AHP method was used for the weighting of the normalized matrix and determining the weight of the indices. The weights of the proposed indices were determined by the residents of Nourabad County and Maskane Mehr and were calculated using the AHP method in Excel 2013 software and were assigned to each index. After determining the weight of the criteria, the values of the normalized matrix for each option was multiplied by the weight of the criteria and consequently, the weighted normalized matrix was obtained. In order to determine the best and worst values for the criteria, equations (2) and (3) i.e. determining the positive and negative ideal points were used. Equations (4) and (5) were used to calculate the distance of the options from the ideal solution. Finally, VIKOR index (Qi) was used to rate the resilience of Nourabad County and Maskane Mehr based on the distance from the ideal solution. Generally, the views of the residents of Nourabad and Maskane Mehr were combined through VIKOR method to determine the value and importance of the criteria and the final weights of the criteria were determined using the AHP method. Applying the obtained weight on the initial values of the criteria and combining the weight indices, Nourabad County and Maskane Mehr were prioritized in terms of resilience. Conclusion:The results obtained from VIKOR technique showed that this method, as one of the multicriteria decisionmaking method, has capabilities including multiattribute utility theory or nonranking methods. On this basis and after calculating the weights through hierarchy analysis process and using VIKOR technique, the difference in the resilience of Nourabad County and Nourabad Maskane Mehr was determined. Based on the calculations and the associated indices, Nourabad County has the highest resilience level with S=0.763, R=0.49, and Q=0.966, whilethe Maskane Mehr of this city has the lowest resilience with indices S=0.666, R=0.272, and Q=0.626. Given the Q index, Nourabad County (precreated communities) has a more favorable condition in terms of resilience against natural disasters (earthquakes) compared to the Maskane Mehr of this city (planned communities) in social, institutional, economic, and physical aspects.