مبانی کلامی ربط علل طبیعی با آیات توحیدی از دیدگاه علامه طباطبائی و ابن عربی

در دﯾﺪﮔﺎه اﺑﻦ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺒﻨﺎی ﮐﻼﻣﯽ اﺷﻌﺮی دارد، ﻫﯿﭻ ﻧﻘﺸﯽ ﺑﺮای اﻧﺴﺎن و ﻋﻠﻞ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ در ﻧﻈﺎم ﻋﺎﻟﻢ ﻗﺎﺋﻞ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ؛ و اﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ دﻟﯿﻞ اﻋﺘﻘﺎد وی ﺑﻪ ﺟﺒﺮ اﺳﺖ. ﻋﻼﻣﻪ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎﺋﯽ دﯾﺪﮔﺎه ﺷﯿﻌﻪ دارد و ﺑﺮای ﻋﻠﻞ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﯽ ﻧﻘﺶ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻤﯽ ﮔﺮﻓﺖ، ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻃﻮﻟﯽ در ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺮد و ﻧﻘﺶ ﻃﻮﻟﯽ ﺟﺒﺮ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ و آﻧﭽﻪ ﺟﺒﺮ اﺳﺖ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻋﺮﺿﯽ اﺳﺖ؛ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮاﯾﻦ ﺑﺎد و ﺑﺎران و اﻣﺜﺎل اﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻞ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ اﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻘﺶ ﮐﺎرﮔﺰاری در ﻧﻈﺎم ﻋﺎﻟﻢ دارﻧﺪ و ﻫﯿﭻ ﻣﻨﺎﻓﺎﺗﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺣﯿﺪ ﻧﺪارد، ﻇﺎﻫﺮاً اﺑﻦ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ آﯾﺎت ﺗﻮﺣﯿﺪی را ﻣﻘﺪم ﻣﯽ دارد و اﯾﻦ ﻋﻠﻞ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ را ﮐﻨﺎر ﻣﯽ ﮔﺬارد؛ اﻣﺎ ﻋﻼﻣﻪ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎﺋﯽ آﯾﺎت ﺗﻮﺣﯿﺪی را ﻫﻤﺎن ﻃﻮر ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﻠﻞ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ را ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﻋﻠﻞ ﻃﻮﻟﯽ ﻣﯽ داﻧﺪ و دﻗﯿﻘﺎً ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻖ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺣﯿﺪ ﻣﯽ داﻧﺪ و ﻣﺨﺎﻟﻒ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺌﻠﻪ ﺗﻮﺣﯿﺪ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ آﮔﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ ﯾﺎ ﻧﺎآﮔﺎﻫﺎﻧﻪ اﯾﻦ دو داﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪ ﻃﺒﻖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﭘﺬﯾﺮی از ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻼﻣﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮای ﺧﻮد دارﻧﺪ اﯾﻦ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ دو روش ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت در ﻗﺒﺎل ﯾﮏ ﻣﻮﺿﻮع را اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﮐﺮده اﻧﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮه ﮐﺘﺎﺑﺨﺎﻧﻪ-اﺳﻨﺎدی ﺑﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ آﺛﺎر ﻧﮕﺎﺷﺘﻪ ﺷﺪه ﻋﻼﻣﻪ ﻃﺒﺎﻃﺒﺎﺋﯽ و اﺑﻦ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ و ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت روش ﮐﺎر ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻘﯽ ﺟﺰﺋﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻼﻣﯽ رﺑﻂ ﻋﻠﻞ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺑﺎ آﯾﺎت ﺗﻮﺣﯿﺪی ﺑﻪ ﺟﻤﻊ ﺑﻨﺪی ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪ اﺳﺖ.

theological principles of relating natural causes to original research monotheistic verses from the perspective of allameh tabataba’i and ibn arabi

n ibn arabi’s view, which has an ash’arite theological basis, it does not give any role to man and natural causes in the world system; and this is because of his belief in algebra. allameh tabataba’i has a shiite view and for natural causes, not only did he not consider it roleless, but he also considered it a longitudinal role, and the longitudinal role is not algebra, and what is algebra is a transverse role; therefore, wind, rain, and the like are natural causes that play the role of agents in the system of the universe and have no contradiction with monotheism. but allameh tabataba’i interprets monotheistic verses in the same way that he considers natural causes as longitudinal causes and considers them exactly in accordance with monotheism and is not opposed to the issue of monotheism. in this research, consciously or unconsciously, these two scientists, according to the influence of their theological principles, have adopted such two different methods for a subject. this article has studied the written works of allameh tabataba’i and ibn arabi in a library-documentary manner and has summarized the contents in the form of a partial comparative method according to the theological principles of relating natural causes to monotheistic verses