بررسی عملکرد لرزه‌ای غیرخطی سازه‌های بتن مسلح دوبلکسی به روش طیف ظرفیت

ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ﻣﻌﻤﺎری از ﻗﺒﯿﻞ ﻗﺮارﮔﯿﺮی ﭘﯿﻠﻮت و واﺣﺪﻫﺎی ﺗﺠﺎری در ﻫﻤﮑﻒ، ﺟﻠﻮﮔﯿﺮی از ﺗﺠﻤﻊ ورودیﻫﺎی ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در ﻣﺠﺘﻤﻊﻫﺎی آﭘﺎرﺗﻤﺎﻧﯽ، ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎی دوﺑﻠﮑﺴﯽ را ﭘﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﯽآورد ﮐﻪ در آنﻫﺎ ﮐﻒﻫﺎی ﻃﺒﻘﺎت ﺑﺎ اﺧﺘﻼف ﺗﺮازی ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻢ در دو ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺮاز ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﯾﺠﺎد ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ. در ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎی دوﺑﻠﮑﺴﯽ ﻋﻤﺪه ﻣﺸﮑﻼت ﻧﺎﺷﯽ از ﻋﺪم ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﮕﯽ دﯾﺎﻓﺮاﮔﻢ ﮐﻒ ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮات ﭼﺸﻢﮔﯿﺮی در دوره ﺗﻨﺎوب، ﺳﺨﺘﯽ و ﭘﺨﺶ ﻧﯿﺮوی زﻟﺰﻟﻪ ﻣﯽﮔﺮدد. در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺎﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ آﻧﺎﻟﯿﺰ اﺳﺘﺎﺗﯿﮑﯽ ﺧﻄﯽ و ﻏﯿﺮﺧﻄﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﻣﮑﺎﻧﯽ و زﻣﺎﻧﯽ وﻗﻮع اوﻟﯿﻦ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﭘﻼﺳﺘﯿﮏ در ﺗﯿﺮﻫﺎ و ﺳﺘﻮنﻫﺎی ﮐﻮﺗﺎه، دوره ﺗﻨﺎوب، ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﮑﺎن، ﻧﯿﺮوی ﺑﺮﺷﯽ، ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮد و ﻃﯿﻒ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ و... در ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎزه دوﺑﻠﮑﺴﯽ 8 ،6 ،4 ،2 و 10 ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻪﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽدﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ اﺛﺮ اﺧﺘﻼف ﺗﺮاز در ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎی ﮐﻮﺗﺎه ﻣﺸﻬﻮدﺗﺮ ﺑﻮده و ﺑﺎ اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﺛﺮ ﭘﺪﯾﺪه ﺳﺘﻮن ﮐﻮﺗﺎه در ﺳﺎزهﻫﺎی دوﺑﻠﮑﺴﯽ ﮐﺎﻫﺶ و ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﻋﻤﻠﮑﺮدی آن اﻓﺰاﯾﺶ ﻣﯽﯾﺎﺑﺪ.

Nonlinear Seismic Performance of RC Structures with Different Floor by Capacity Spectrum Method

Believing in the fact that an activity can be performed through several methods or states, or that there may be several executive states for activities with different numbers of resources in real conditions, the scheduling obtained from different methods with different combinations of time, resources, and quality need to be evaluated and optimized. These are referred to as project scheduling problems with multistate resources. On the other hand, application of the theory of constraints to project management has led to the development of a novel approach in project planning and control known as the critical chain. The present paper seeks to use the critical chain technique and simultaneous timecostquality trade off. In this study, the multiobjective problem of timecostquality trade off has been solved using the high capability of the multiobjective particle swarm algorithm in optimization and the critical chain technique, so that the most appropriate sequence and executive state of activities is found such that time, cost, and quality are optimized and close to reality. The optimization algorithm programming was coded in the MATLAB software, and the target results were extracted. For evaluation of the proposed model, two case studies with 7 and 18 activities have been solved. Furthermore, a project with 60 activities where the timecostquality trade off had been established were used for validation of the proposed algorithm, and new results were extracted. The results demonstrated that the developed algorithm has had correct, proper performance, in such a way that it is capable of generating several Pareto solutions with different time, cost, and quality values. Furthermore, the results have been reported separately based on the best time, cost, and quality, which makes it possible for the project managers to select the better solutions given their priorities in the project.