somatic embryogenesis and histological aspect of galbanum (ferula gummosa boiss.) endangered medicinal plant

Ferula gummosa boiss. as a valuable pharmaceutical and industrial plant grows in iran. in order to minimize seed dormancy period and micropropagation, callus induction and embryogenesis were evaluated. the plantlets of the seeds were separated and cultured in the 1/2 ms medium. after 14 days, root, hypocotyl, cotyledon and leaf explants were separated. then they were transferred to the basal ms medium containing different concentrations of growth regulators. different developmental stages of somatic embryos were evaluated. seedlings 2-3 days after locating in 1/2 ms medium germinated and whole plantlets were obtained after 12 days. in the callus induction phase growth regulator composition 1.5 mgl-1 of naa and 0.5 mgl-1 of ba with root explants had proper results. in the somatic embryogenesis phase ms medium containing 0.5 mgl-1 of 2,4-d accompanied by 1 mgl-1 of ba lead to desirable results. via taken sections from the embryos, different developmental stages of somatic embryos including pre-embryo, globular, heart shaped, torpedo and cotyledonary embryo were observed. in vitro culture of embryo to accelerate germination and elimination of long dormancy period and using this optimized method are strongly suggested for micropropagation of this plant so this valuable endemic plant may survive from extinction, too. ferula gummosa boiss. as a valuable pharmaceutical and industrial plant grows in iran. in order to minimize seed dormancy period and micropropagation, callus induction and embryogenesis were evaluated. the plantlets of the seeds were separated and cultured in the 1/2 ms medium. after 14 days, root, hypocotyl, cotyledon and leaf explants were separated. then they were transferred to the basal ms medium containing different concentrations of growth regulators. different developmental stages of somatic embryos were evaluated. seedlings 2-3 days after locating in 1/2 ms medium germinated and whole plantlets were obtained after 12 days. in the callus induction phase growth regulator composition 1.5 mgl-1 of naa and 0.5 mgl-1 of ba with root explants had proper results. in the somatic embryogenesis phase ms medium containing 0.5 mgl-1 of 2,4-d accompanied by 1 mgl-1 of ba lead to desirable results. via taken sections from the embryos, different developmental stages of somatic embryos including pre-embryo, globular, heart shaped, torpedo and cotyledonary embryo were observed. in vitro culture of embryo to accelerate germination and elimination of long dormancy period and using this optimized method are strongly suggested for micropropagation of this plant so this valuable endemic plant may survive from extinction, too.