مطالعه ریخت شناسی و ریزریخت شناسی گونه ی دارواش کوتوله (santalaceae) oxcyderi arceuhobium در منطقه چهارباغ استان گلستان

Arceuthobium oxycedri  (دارواش کوتوله)، اختصاصا روی گونه های سرو کوهی رشد کرده و آن ها را آلوده می کند. گیاه نیمه انگلی ﻣﺬﮐﻮر در اﯾﺮان در ﺳﻪ روﯾﺸﮕﺎه ارس رﺿﺎ آﺑﺎد اﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻤﻨﺎن، ﭼﻬﺎر ﺑﺎغ ﮔﺮﮔﺎن اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن و زﻧﺠﺎن ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. در اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺤﯽ و ﺻﻔﺎت رﯾﺰرﯾﺨﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﮔﺮدهﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ اﯾﻦ ﮔﯿﺎه ﺑﺎ ﻫﺪف ﮐﻤﮏ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ آن در اﺳﺘﺎن ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن ﻣﻮرد ارزﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺖ. ﺑﺮای ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ درﺧﺘﺎن ارس ﺗﻮﺳﻂ دارواش ﮐﻮﺗﻮﻟﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮداری در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﭼﻬﺎرﺑﺎغ در ﺳﻄﺢ 600 ﻫﮑﺘﺎر و ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از 60 ﻗﻄﻌﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ و ﺑﻪ اﺑﻌﺎد 20×20 ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﺗﺼﺎدﻓﯽ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮای ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮔﺮده ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎی دارواش ﮐﻮﺗﻮﻟﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮار دادن ﻗﺎب ﻧﯿﻢ ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻌﯽ در ﭼﻬﺎر ﺟﻬﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ روی ﭘﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎی آﻟﻮده ﺟﻤﻊآوری ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﻧﻤﯽﺗﻮان ﻣﯿﺰان آﻟﻮدﮔﯽ درﺧﺘﺎن ارس ﺑﻪ دارواش ﮐﻮﺗﻮﻟﻪ را ﺑﺎ ﻋﻮاﻣﻠﯽ ﻫﻤﭽﻮن درﺻﺪ ﺗﺎج ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، ﺟﻨﺴﯿﺖ ﭘﺎﯾﻪﻫﺎ، درﺻﺪ ﺷﯿﺐ و ﺟﻬﺖ داﻣﻨﻪ ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ زد ﺑﺮش ﻋﺮﺿﯽ ﺳﺎﻗﻪ ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ در ﻫﺮ ﺳﻪ ارﺗﻔﺎع دارای ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻧﯿﻢ داﯾﺮهای و از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ و اﻧﺪازه ﻣﻐﺰ ﺑﺎﻫﻢ ﺗﻔﺎوﺗﯽ ﻧﺪارﻧﺪ. ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت داﻧﻪ ﮔﺮده ﻧﺸﺎن داد ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ داﻧﻪﻫﺎی ﮔﺮده ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت ﻣﻨﻔﺮد، دارای ﺳﻪ ﺗﺎ ﭘﻨﺞ درﯾﭽﻪ ﺷﯿﺎری ﻋﻤﯿﻖ، ﻧﺎﻣﺘﻘﺎرن و ﻣﺨﺮوﻃﯽ ﻣﺴﻄﺢ ﺑﺎ ﺗﺰﺋﯿﻨﺎت اﮔﺰﯾﻦ ﺧﺎردار ﻣﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. اﯾﻦ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻖ ﺑﺮای اوﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺎر ﺑﺮ روی ﮔﻮﻧﻪ دارواش ﮐﻮﺗﻮﻟﻪ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎی آن در ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ در ﺷﮑﻞ ﻇﺎﻫﺮی ﮔﺮده ﺗﻔﺎوت ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮای ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎی ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ در ﺳﺎﯾﺮ روﯾﺸﮕﺎﻫﻬﺎی ارس اﯾﺮان ارزش ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮑﯽ دارد.

morphological and micromorphological study of arceuthobium oxcyderi (d.c.) m. bieb species (santalaceae) in chahar-bagh region, golestan province

arceuthobium oxycedri grows exclusively on mountain cypress species and infects them. the mentioned semi-parasitic plant has been observed in three habitats of reza abad in semnan province, chahar bagh gorgan in golestan province and zanjan in iran. in this research, the anatomical structure, micromorphological and pollinological traits of this plant were evaluated with the aim of helping to identify it in golestan province. in order to estimate the contamination of juniper trees by this plant, sampling was done in chaharbagh area of gorgan on 600 hectares using 60 sample plots with dimensions of 20 x 20 square meters in a random systematic way. to study pollinology, samples were collected by placing a half-meter square frame in four geographical directions on infected bases. the results showed that it is not possible to estimate the degree of contamination of juniper trees by dwarf mistletoe with factors such as the percentage of vegetation cover, the gender of the bases, the percentage of the slope and the direction of the slope. transverse section of the stem showed that in all three heights it has a semi-circular cross-section, and they are not different in terms of cortex thickness and pit size. pollen grain studies showed that all pollen grains have three to five deep grooved valves, asymmetrical and flat conical with spiny exine ornamentaion. in general, this research is conducted for the first time on the dwarf mistletoe species, and its findings show differences in the appearance of pollen at different heights, which has systematic value for identifying similar species in other iranian juniper habitats.