unravelling the apoptosis induction potential of amomum cardamomum seed: a combination in silico and in vitro approach

Introduction: breast cancer remains a prevalent global malignancy and necessitates a treatment regimen, which is often accompanied by substantial side effects. to address this challenge, alternative therapies with fewer adverse effects are urgently needed. amomum cardamomum has displayed promising anticancer potential. this study aimed to investigate the impact of a. cardamomum seed on t47d breast cancer cell viability and the ability to induce apoptosis, utilizing in silico and in vitro approaches. methods: the samples were extracted utilizing the maceration method using ethanol 96% solvent. in addition, the bioactive constituents were identified through phytochemicals and gc/ms analysis. cell viability was assessed through mtt assay at various concentrations with 24 and 48-hour incubation periods and compared with the control cells. apoptosis patterns were visualized by immunofluorescence assay and analyzed utilizing imagej software. in silico analyses included three distinct tests, namely pharmacokinetics analysis (admet), bioactivity prediction (pass), and molecular docking. results: the a. cardamomum seed extract inhibited the growth of the cells with an ic50 value of 97.28 μg/ml in 48 hours of the incubation period. immunofluorescence assay exhibited that the extract induced apoptosis in over 50% of t47d cells. in silico approaches identified bicyclogermacrene, germacrene-d, and δ-cadinene as potential jak3, braf v600e, and mmp9 protein inhibitors. these compounds exhibited stronger binding affinities to critical amino acids than control ligands. conclusion: this research presents compelling evidence that the a. cardamomum extract has anticancer activity against breast cancer by preventing growth and inducing apoptosis.