antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ganoderma resinaceum (boud) fruiting bodies extracts

Introduction: ganoderma resinaceum is used to treat oxidative and inflammatory-related diseases such as cardiovascular and liver diseases. thus, this study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of different extracts from g. resinaceum fruiting bodies. methods: aqueous crude (grt), mycelial (myc), exopolysaccharide (eps i, eps ii) and water-soluble polysaccharide-rich (grp i and grp ii) extracts of g. resinaceum were assessed for their free radical scavenging and metal chelating ions assays. the in vitro anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by stabilization of erythrocytes’ membranes and protein denaturation assays. for the in vivo study, paw oedema was induced by administration of κ-carrageenan (0.1 ml; 1%) to male wistar rats aged 4 to 6 weeks. animals were pre-treated with g. resinaceum extracts (125 mg/kg) and diclofenac sodium (20 mg/kg). inflammatory cytokine and chemokine levels were determined, and histological analysis of paw tissue was performed. results: g. resinaceum polysaccharide-rich extracts (grp i and grp ii) showed the best bioactivities. they scavenged dpph (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, abts (2,2-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzylthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, and no (nitric oxide) radicals, and chelated ferrous ions, stabilized murine erythrocyte membranes, and inhibited protein denaturation. at 125 mg/kg, grp i and grp ii restored the microarchitecture with a weak infiltration of immune cells in the subcutaneous tissues. moreover, they decreased the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines growth colony-stimulating factor (g-csf), interferon gamma (ifnγ), tumour necrosis factor alpha (tnfα), chemokines (eotaxin, fractalkine) and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines (il-10, il-12p70). conclusion: g. resinaceum polysaccharide extracts could be potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents.