The role of two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography in the diagnosis of left atrial appendage thrombus

The incidence of left atrial thrombi is higher in patients with mitral valve stenosis and atrial fibrillation. its presence and localization plays a significant role in deciding on the therapeutic approach. echocardiography is essential in establishing the diagnosis in patients with cardiac masses. although the visualization of thrombi is mostly difficult especially in left atrial appendix by transthoracic echocardiography, we herein demonstrated that a thrombus of the left atrial appendage can also be revealed by modified transthoracic echocardiographic windows.