bone tissue regeneration: biology, strategies and interface studies

Nowadays, bone diseases and defects as a result of trauma, cancers, infections and degenerative and inflammatory conditions are increasing. consequently, bone repair and replacement have been developed with improvement of orthopedic technologies and biomaterials of superior properties. this review paper is intended to sum up and discuss the most relevant studies performed in the field of bone biology and bone regeneration approaches. therefore, the bone tissue regeneration was investigated by synthetic substitutes, scaffolds incorporating active molecules, nanomedicine, cell-based products, biomimetic fibrous and nonfibrous substitutes, biomaterial-based three-dimensional (3d) cell-printing substitutes, bioactive porous polymer/inorganic composites, magnetic field and nano-scaffolds with stem cells and bone–biomaterials interface studies.