Current methods in the treatment of keratoconus

Keratoconus is a bilateral, asymmetrical, non-inflammatory, and progressive thinning disease of the cornea. the etiology and pathogenesis of the disease are not known exactly. however, significant advances have been achieved in the treatment of keratoconus in the recent years. in the past, penetrating keratoplasty was the only treatment option in advanced keratoconus. nowadays, therapeutic advances for keratoconus have been provided various treatment options in different stages of the disease and opportunity to stop the progression of the disease, to rehabilitate vision, or to achieve both. this review analyzes the current methods in the treatment of keratoconus, such as new contact lens designs, corneal collagen cross-linking, intracorneal rings, deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty, conductive keratoplasty, intraocular refractive lenses, photorefractive keratectomy, and combinations of these.