Investigation of Ultra-fine Grained Titanium Availability in Dental Implant Applications

Root shaped screw type dental implants are damaged depending on their mechanical and electrochemical properties as a results of alternating force and excessive exposure time with living tissue in usage period. in these implant systems the possibility of failure is increased with synergistic effects of combined failure mechanisms like corrosion, wear, fatigue and tribocorrosion, it may even lead to adverse tissue reactions like irritation and failed implantations. in fact, the success of implantation is related to connection between living tissue and implant interface that is mechanical osseointegration. the occurring problems following osteointegration are the interaction between implant parts, properties of materials that are used in design and problems that associated with the prosthesis. the appearances of such problems are greatly relevant to performance of dental implant under variable load conditions. the main mechanical properties of used materials like strengt h, toughness and fatigue properties determine the aforementioned performance of implants. therefore, improvement of these properties without compromising biocompatibility is extremely substantial. in this study, fatigue failure damages and reasons for different size and shaped dental implants were analyzed and discussed. investigations showed that the damage of dental implants in variable load conditions are related to design and strength of implant materials. the usability of more recently developed severe plastic deformation techniques that offer increased strength and ultra-fine grained (ufg) microstructure for implant materials are investigated. from the view of performance and microstructural properties was presented that these techniques can ensure significant improvement on currently used titanium and its alloys and can be utilized on dental implant applications.