بررسی نقش مساجد بر میزان تاب‌آوری اجتماعی محلات شهری (نمونۀ مطالعاتی: محلۀ ناصرخسرو و شهرک نگین اصفهان)

در سال‌های اخیر و به‌دنبال بروز بلایا، به مفهوم تاب‌آوری در بسیاری از محافل علمی توجه بسیاری شده ‌است. تاب‌آوری مفهومی چندجانبه است که درصدد به حداقل رساندن خسارات ناشی از بحران است. در این میان، توجه اغلب برنامه‌ریزان بیشتر بر بُعد کالبدی معطوف شده است. این در صورتی است که عدم‌قطعیت از شدت و نوع مخاطرات، بروز بحران‌های جدید و انسان‌ساخت و همچنین توجه به ظرفیت‌های اجتماعات در مواجهه با اختلالات و بهبود شرایط، کانون توجهات را به‌سمت بُعد اجتماعی تاب‌آوری سوق داده است. تمرکز و تاکید بر نقش اعضای جامعه در مواجه با بحران و توانایی و ظرفیت آن‌ها برای بهبود اوضاع نیز برای آن است که افراد و اجتماعات تاب‌آور می‌توانند فارغ از هر نوع بحران، به مقابله با آن بپردازند و بدون ناامیدی شرایط را تغییر دهند. در این میان، مساجد از دیرباز خودشان را درگیر بحران‌ها و مسائل جامعه کرده‌اند و به‌عنوان کانونی جهادی با بهره‌گیری و سازمان‌دهی ظرفیت‌های مردمی، در مواجه با بحران‌ها و تغییر و بهبود شرایط و به‌طور کلی تاب‌آوری جوامع، نقش کلیدی ایفا کرده‌اند. در این پژوهش سعی شده است جایگاه مساجد و تاثیری که بر تاب‌آوری اجتماعی ساکنان می‌گذارند ارزیابی شوند و به این پرسش بپردازد که مساجد تا چه میزان توانسته‌اند بر تاب‌آوری اجتماعی ساکنان محلۀ ناصرخسرو و شهرک نگین ماثر واقع شوند؟در راستای دستیابی به اهداف پژوهش، محلۀ ناصرخسرو و شهرک نگین که در مجاورت یکدیگرند، اما از نظر بافت کالبدی تفاوت جدی دارند، به‌عنوان نمونه‌های مطالعاتی بررسی شده‌اند. روش پژوهش توصیفی-تحلیلی و برای دستیابی به داده‌های تکمیلی از پرسش‌نامه استفاده شده است. جامعۀ آماری پژوهش نیز با استفاده از فرمول کوکران برای محلۀ ناصرخسرو 375 و برای شهرک نگین 374 نفر برآورد شده است. همچنین به‌منظور تحلیل و بررسی اطلاعات، ضریب هم‌بستگی اسپیرمن استفاده شده است. نتایج حاکی از آن‌اند که مساجد تاثیر بسزایی بر افزایش تاب‌آوری اجتماعی دارد و هرچه حضور در مساجد بیشتر باشد، تاب‌آوری نیز افزایش می‌یابد. به‌طور کلی، مساجد به‌دلیل قابلیت پذیرش عملکردهای متعدد و همچنین ظرفیتی که در پذیرش و جلب مشارکت اقشار مختلف جامعه در حوزه‌های مختلف دارند، می‌توانند به‌صورت غیرمستقیم تاثیر بسیاری بر عوامل موثر بر تاب‌آوری اجتماعی داشته باشند و همچنین از این ظرفیت در راستای مقابله با انواع بحران‌ها و تغییر و بهبود شرایط استفاده کنند.

investigating the role of mosques on the social resilience of urban neighborhoods (case study: naserkhosrow neighborhood and negin town of isfahan)

problem expression: in recent years, following the occurrence of disasters, the concept of resilience has received much attention in many scientific circles. resilience is a multifaceted concept that seeks to minimize the damage caused by a crisis. meanwhile, most planners pay more attention to the physical dimension. this is if the uncertainty of the severity and type of risks, the emergence of new crises and man-made, as well as attention to the capacity of communities in the face of disruption and improvement of conditions, has shifted the focus to the social dimension of resilience. the focus on the role of community members in the face of crisis and their ability and capacity to improve the situation is also that individuals and communities can cope with any crisis and change the situation without despair. in the meantime, mosques have long been involved in crises and societal issues and as a jihadi center by using and organizing the capacities of the people, in the face of crises and change and improvement of conditions and general resilience of societies, has played a key role.the objective of research: in this study, an attempt has been made to evaluate the status of mosques and the impact it has on the social resilience of residents, and to address the question of to what extent have mosques been able to be effective on social resilience?research method: in order to achieve the objectives of the research, naser khosrow neighborhood and negin town, which are adjacent to each other but have serious differences in terms of physical context and social and economic status, have been studied as study examples. the research method is descriptive-analytical and a questionnaire was used to obtain additional data. the statistical population of the study is 375 for naserkhosrow neighborhood and 374 for negin town using cochran’s formula. spearman correlation coefficient has also been used to analyze the data.findings of the research: in general, mosques have long been established as the most spiritual and popular organization of the people, which has a high capacity and potential to attract public participation in various fields, in addition to special functions (worship function) and creating a bed for worship, self-cultivation and attainment. peace of mind provides the basis for the formation of a social base and focus for the presentation of ideas and perspectives, insight, cooperation and collaboration in solving problems and dilemmas. mosques have always adapted to the current needs of society and have tried to solve them according to the circumstances. this is important in recent years and considering the role and actions of mosques in the face of various crises such as natural disasters, sanctions and economic and political issues, hard and soft wars, biological measures (corona virus) can be seen and understood. mosques, by utilizing and organizing to the maximum of all available capacities, create a spontaneous flow in order to solve the problems facing the society, which is effective in resuscitating and deterring communities in the face of shocks and crises, as well as preventing and reducing the dangers of such problems. are. therefore, in this study, sense of belonging, social participation, knowledge and awareness, personal capacity, trust, experiences, social responsibility and social interactions were considered as effective factors on social resilience and to achieve the objectives of the study. the results showed that mosques had a great impact on all factors including knowledge and awareness. the results also showed that despite the relatively low presence of neighborhood residents in mosques, this has a great impact on the social resilience of residents. in other words, it can be stated that increasing the presence in mosques has a great impact on the social resilience of residents and now that mosques have been satisfied with their worship role and other maps have been neglected, the activation of mosques in different areas and maps can be increasing attendance increases the resilience of communities directly and indirectly. it is worth mentioning that due to the fact that the attendance rate in mosques has been significantly reduced, but these mosques have the capacity to become an active and relief base in times of crisis and in the event of an accident, play a pivotal role at the neighborhood level. they play. it is also important to note that, in addition to the knowledge and awareness factor that requires education, the strengthening of other components affecting social resilience is often done indirectly. mosques as a place for continuous gathering of people with different views and social levels, gradually increase social solidarity, increase interactions, sense of belonging and the like. practicing divine traditions such as qarzat al-hasna, helping fellow human beings also gives depth to these factors. voluntary cooperation in collective activities and actions (ceremonies and occasions) that can lead to the formation of shared social memories and experiences also plays an important role in the factors affecting social resilience.