بررسی عوامل تاب‌آوری فضایی در مسجد جامع اصفهان

اصطلاح تاب‌آوری در عرصۀ معماری و شهرسازی مفهومی تازه است که اخیراً موردتوجه کارشناسان و نظریه‌پردازان این حوزه قرار گرفت. این واژه در طول زمان گسترش یافت و به وجوه دیگر مرتبط با جوامع شهری همچون اجتماعی و اقتصادی و... نیز توجه شد. یکی از ابعاد مهم تاب‌آوری بُعد فضایی است که به‌معنای پایداری و حیات بنا طی تغییر و تحولات مختلف تاریخی با حفظ هویتشان است. مسجدجامع یکی از انواع فضاهای شهری است که با وجود تحولات و آسیب‌های مختلف محیطی، در تاریخ به‌نحو مطلوبی به حیاتش ادامه داده‌ است. بنابراین، این سوال مطرح می‌شود که چه عواملی سبب تاب‌آوری مساجد تاریخی، به‌طور خاص مسجدجامع اصفهان، طی دوره‌های گذشته شده‌اند؟ لذا در این پژوهش به بررسی مسجدجامع شهر اصفهان و عوامل تاثیرگذار در تاب‌آوری این فضای تاریخی پرداخته شد. روش پژوهش توصیفی‌تحلیلی و رویکرد تحلیل محتواست. ابتدا با شیوۀ استدلال قیاسی و مراجعه به منابع معتبر، دو عامل اجتماعی و کالبدی تاب‌آور از لابه‌لای مفاهیم نظری این حوزه استخراج شدند و به‌عنوان شاخص‌های مدل مفهومی تاب‌آوری فضایی ارائه گردیدند و سپس با بررسی نمونۀ موردی تحقیق، سنجش و ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. نتیجۀ اجمالی این تحقیق حاکی از این است که هندسۀ بنا، انعطا‌ف‌پذیری، آسایش محیطی، خوانایی، نظام دسترسی و حرکت سبب ارتقای تاب‌آوری کالبدی این مسجد و عواملی همچون تنوع، هویت اجتماعی، ایمنی و امنیت، آگاهی، مشارکت اجتماعی، عدالت اجتماعی، آسایش روان‌شناختی و توجه به عوامل زیبایی‌شناختی باعث تاب‌آوری اجتماعی بنا شده‌اند که سرانجام به تاب‌آوری فضایی مسجدجامع اصفهان انجامیده‌اند.

spatial resilience factors in jameh mosque of isfahan

the term “resilience” in the field of architecture and urban planning is a new concept that has recently been considered by experts and theorists in this circle. this phrase (resilience) has spread during time and the other aspects and dimensions related to urban communities such as social, economic, etc. have been also considered. the most important part is that spatial aspect. this dimension deals with the resilience of urban spaces that is continuing of the existence while preserving their identity during historical various changes. one of the types of urban spaces that despite its various environmental changes and crises throughout its history has desirably continued its life are the grand mosques. so this question is posed that what factors have led to the resiliency of historical mosques over a long period of time? therefore, this study be posed to investigate the jameh mosque of isfahan and factors that have caused this urban space being resilient. the research method is descriptive-analytical method and content analysis approach. initially, with the method of deductive reasoning and referring to reliable sources, two social and physical resilience factors were extracted from the theoretical concepts of this field and presented as indicators of the conceptual model of spatial resilience and then it was evaluated by examining the research case study for which was chosen the jameh mosque of isfahan. in general, the effective factors in the spatial resilience of the mosque can be mentioned as follows: physically resilience; fistly, it would be permeability which has increased resilience. and concerning the second, it could be readability 3. flexible construction of the mosque through the appropriate ratio between mass and space, modulation (standardization) along with unique and special elements of the mosque (this is significant factor whether in an architectural unit or on an urban scale) 4. strength in the construction of the building through design, execution and suitable materials have become possible and with the continuous restoration of the space, which has made it possible to update and adapt the function of this urban space, has caused the improvement of the physical resilience of this mosque and consequently its spatial resilience. from a social point of view; 1. existence of various uses through the flexible form and universality of space to fit contemporary needs, mixing cultural, economic and religious uses in space, which facilitates the performance of today’s uses in the body of yesterday. 2. possibility of access and movement from this space to adjacent uses. 3. existence of environmental comfort in this space, which is due to the air conditioning and away from pollution (air, sound) caused by the sub-climate in this space and other facilities in this space. 4. paying attention to aesthetic factors in the design of the mosque, which is a motivating factor for the continuation of activities in the mosque 5. the unique identity of the mosque, which has been obtained due to the existing historical, cultural and social values. 6. the sense of belonging and attachment of the visitors to the place, has caused the continuation of the use of this space and subsequently the spatial adaptation of this historic mosque. these factors, which are components of the spatial resilience model structure, are categorized in eight general categories. as a result, this research indicate that spatial resilience is eight factors behind this.