تبیین مولفه‌ها و شاخص‌های طراحی هتلِ مطابق با شریعت (مطالعه موردی هتل‌های زنجیره‌ای پارس)

رشد و توسعه گردشگری (انبوه) در سال‌های گذشته پیامدهای نامطلوب و نامناسب فرهنگیاجتماعی مانند استحاله و تهاجم فرهنگی، بروز مفاسد و ناهنجاری‌های اجتماعی و تخریب فرهنگ بومی را در بسیاری از مناطق به‌همراه داشته است. کشورهای اسلامی برای توسعه این نوع از گردشگری اغلب با چالش مواجه هستند؛ از این‌رو متفکران و اندیشمندان مسلمان راهکارهایی را برای رفع این مشکلات فرهنگیاجتماعی ارائه نموده‌اند که یکی از آن‌ها ارائه الگویی جایگزین مطابق با احکام اسلام و شریعت است. با اندک توجهی می‌توان دریافت که درباره زیرساخت‌های گردشگری مثل خطوط هوایی و هتل‌ها هیچ قوانین و معیارهای طبقه‌بندی‌شده‌ای برای ارائه خدمات به مسلمانان و گردشگران اسلامی وجود ندارد. بخش گردشگران مسلمان احتیاجات مادی و معنوی خاصی در مسافرت دارند که این موارد بر انتخاب هتل مدنظر آن‌ها تاثیر خواهند گذاشت. در این مقاله تلاش شده است مهم‌ترین مولفه‌های طراحی یک هتل برای رفع نیازهای مادی و معنوی گردشگران مسلمان مطابق با شریعت و شاخص‌های آن‌ها براساس کتب و مفاهیم دین اسلام شناسایی و تبیین شوند. سوال اصلی این پژوهش در این راستا این‌گونه خواهد بود: چه استانداردها و ضوابطی برای طراحی یک هتل مطابق با شریعت باید رعایت شوند؟ راهبردهای این پژوهش به‌لحاظ هدف، توسعه‌ای و کاربردی و به لحاظ رویکرد (ویژگی و ماهیت داده‌ها)، کیفی و کمی بوده و ازنظر ماهیت و روش، توصیفی از نوع پیمایش است. رویکرد اصلی نظری و پارادایم پژوهش اصل »شرع « به‌عنوان احکام اساسی دین اسلام بوده است؛ و هدف آن تبیین هتلِ مطابق با شریعت می‌باشد. کشورهای اسلامی استانداردهایی را برای ارائه خدمات گردشگری و مهمان‌نوازی با عنوان دوستانه با مسلمان تدوین کرده‌‌اند. اصطلاح دوستانه با مسلمان به محصولات یا خدمات صنعت گردشگری اشاره دارد که بر اساس احکام شریعت تولید و ارائه می‌شوند. با توجه به اهمیت ویژگی‌های هتل اسلامی، مولفه‌های 1. تفکیک جنسی در امکانات تفریحی، 2. ایمنی و امنیت اخلاقی، 3. فضای محرمیت، و 4. طراحی و معماری اسلامی به‌عنوان شاخص‌هایی برای این هتل‌ها انتخاب شدند. هتل‌های زنجیره‌ای پارس ازنظر تطابق با شریعت در مولفه‌های طراحی اسلامی و تفکیک جنسیت در وضع مطلوبی قرار دارند؛ اما در مولفه‌های فضای محرمیت و ایمنی و امنیت اخلاقی نیاز به توجه بیشتر هستند. از منظر نظری، این پژوهش آگاهی هتل‌ها را از بخش‌های جدید بازار افزایش می‌دهد که لازمه حیات در این بازار رقابتی است؛ زیرا حتی هتل‌های کشورهای غیراسلامی هم برای جذب گردشگران مسلمان تلاش می‌کنند. وجود شاخص‌های مطابق به شریعت نقاط ضعف هتل‌ها را در این بخش آشکار نموده و مقایسه میان آن‌ها را ممکن می‌سازد. این شاخص‌ها همچنین قابل کاربرد برای ارائه مجوزهای بین‌المللی در صنعت گردشگری حلال هستند.

Explaining the components and indicators of hotel design in accordance with Sharia (Case study of Pars chain hotels)

The growth and development of ldquo;mass rdquo; tourism in recent years has had adverse and inappropriate sociocultural consequences such as: cultural transformation and invasion, the emergence of social corruption and anomalies and the destruction of indigenous culture in many areas. Islamic countries face challenges in developing this type of tourism, so Muslim thinkers have proposed solutions to these sociocultural problems, one of which is to provide an alternative model in accordance with the rules of Islam and Sharia. With a little attention, it can be seen that there are no classified rules and criteria for providing services to Muslims and Islamic tourists regarding tourism infrastructure such as airlines and hotels.Muslim tourists have special material and spiritual needs in travel, which will affect their choice of hotel. In this article, an attempt has been made to identify and explain the most important components of designing a hotel to meet the material and spiritual needs of Muslim tourists in accordance with the Shari #39;a and its characteristics, based on the books and concepts of Islam, and he main question of this research in this regard will be: What standards and criteria should be considered for designing a hotel in accordance with Sharia?Introduction; How best to satisfy the needs and wishes of Muslim hotel guests is still not clear, and an effective tool is necessary for measuring the extended service of Muslimfriendly hotels. Providing assurance of accommodations for halal in the hotel business and alleviating the doubts of Muslim tourists are elements that require standardization. Standardization is vital in managing various challenges, preparing businesses for Muslimfriendly service, and attracting more visitors and guests. To date, to the written standard of halal hotel indicators remains limited and ambiguous; even in the Middle East, where the halal industry is far more developed. The mostconsidered principle in formulating standardization of Muslimfriendly hotels is the spiritual value that suits the needs of Muslim guests, namely, comfort and tranquility without neglect of Islamic values.Materials and Methods; The strategies of this research are qualitative and quantitative in terms of purpose, development and application and in terms of approach (characteristics and nature of data) and in terms of nature and method, it is a descriptive content analysis and survey. The main theoretical approach and research paradigm of the principle of Sharia as the basic rules of Islam and its purpose is to explain the hotel in accordance with Sharia, so in extracting the main features of the research, a research strategy will be used.Discussion and Results; In order to analyze the current situation of hotel rooms in shariah compliant hotels, typology of the samplings is narrowed down starting from the number of shariah compliant hotels. There are a few shariah compliant elements that should be considered when designing a hotel room that are often overlooked that may lead to discomfort of Muslim users in conventional design. The demands for Islamic friendly hotels are high and a lot of hotels and investors are improving their services to provide better service to the guests. Apart from that both Islamic concept of living and indoor environment quality promotes the same values and can benefit a lot of people and potential economy boosters into creating a more environmentally friendly development in the future.When planning a room with a shariahcompliant concept in mind, there are more aspects than just showing the direction of mecca, although that is also an important part of ensuring a welldesigned room that compliments the need of the Muslim guests. With the checklist discussed in the criteria of shariah compliant hotels category, the rooms are appraised accordingly.The concept of gender segregation is also suggested for the use of toilet, recreational, and fitness facilities. But, in practice, some hotels may not do so for reasons of space and costefficiency. The options could include providing a separate area or dividing the set times of use between men and women. For space and costlimited hotels, the option of differentiating service hours based on gender might be the most rational and efficient option. Therefore, MATEL put the concept of gender separation at a higher score among other indicators, without eliminating the Muslimfriendly eligibility of hotels that do not segregate their facility.Another important factor of a shariah compliant hotel room is the permeability between the public area, hallway, and the room, in other words, privacy. Privacy of guests needs to be protected to ensure a healthy social interaction between guests and hotel staff.Due to the importance of the characteristics of the Islamic hotel, the following components were selected in this article: 1) gender segregation in recreational facilities, 2) safety and moral security, 3) privacy space, and 4) Islamic design and architecture for these hotels.Conclusions; The findings also generate other theoretical implications for halal hospitality research, in the form of emphasis that includes not only halal elements in drafting Muslimfriendly attributes but also a method for assessing the degree of absorption of those elements. Previous studies mostly determine the types of halal attributes; very few discuss how the elements should be applied by considering different conditions, cultures, and managerial and regulatory policies in certain countries or regions. The effectiveness of halal implementation may vary, particularly in nonMuslim majority areas. Pars chain hotels are in a good position in terms of compliance with Sharia in the components of Islamic design and gender segregation, but in the components of privacy, safety and moral security, more attention needs to be paid.