تجلّی کهن الگوهای یونگ در ساختار معماریِ مجموعه آرامگاهی عارف چَلَبی اوغلو

مجموعه آرامگاهی چلبی اوغلو با فضایی عرفانی معنوی، از جمله بناهایی است که با تفکر بنیادین عرفان ارتباط داشته و این مفاهیم در شکلگیری معماری این مجموعه تاثیرگذار بوده اند. یکی از کهن الگوهای مهم و محوری که در روانشناسی تحلیلی یونگ مطرح است، کهن الگوی فرایند فردیّت (خودشناسی) می باشد که در رابطه با پرسش های معنوی در مورد معنای زندگی و هدف هستی مطرح می شود. این کهن الگو همواره در بسیاری از آثار پژوهشی ادبی و روانشناسی با سلوک عرفانی که در مکتب اسلام و توسط عرفای اسلامی بوجود آمده، تطبیق و مقایسه شده و سلوک عرفانی به عنوان یکی از انواع فرایند فردیّت مطرح شده است. هدف از این مقاله پاسخگویی به این سوال است که آیا با دستیابی به مفاهیم معنایی این کهن الگو می توان به درک مفاهیم کهن الگویی و نحوه عینیّت یافتن آنها در فضای عرفانی این مجموعه آرامگاهی رسید یا خیر. بر اساس هدف پژوهش حاضر، ضمن بهره گیری از روش تفسیری تاریخی، از رویکردهای مطرح در ادراک نشانه ها استفاده شده است. این تحقیق با مطالعه بر روی این لایه های نشانه ای سعی خواهد داشت تا کیفیت و نحوه ارتباط میان تفکر عرفانی، کهن الگوها و ساختار کالبدی مجموعه آرامگاهی چلبی اوغلو را روشن سازد. ساختار کالبدی این مجموعه آرامگاهی منطبق با مراتب هشتگانه عرفان و مراحل چهارگانه کهن الگوی فرایند فردیّت شکل گرفته و واسطه ای برای بیان این حقایق همیشه زنده است که به صُور مختلف امکان تجلّی می یابند. در پایان فرایند فردیّت، کهن الگوی تمامیت و کمال شکوفا می شود و به سطح خودآگاه ذهن می رسد. به این ترتیب، با سازگاری و یکپارچگی خودآگاه و ناخودآگاه، ماندالا ی(دایره/چرخه)کمال شکل می گیرد. به عقیده اهل معرفت نیز سالک در پایان سیر کمالی خود، در منزل هشتم، انتهای قوس صعودی دایره کمال خویش را به ابتدای قوس نزولی پیوند می زند و به مقام کمّل می رسد. در معماری نیز دایره، علامت وحدانیت اصیل و آسمان است و در مرکز، همه چیز با همزیستی به وحدت می رسند، همچنین عدد هشت رمز از عالم برون به عالم درون است که در فضای عرفانی این مجموعه، در مرکز آرامگاه هشت وجهی نمایان است. در نهایت خوانش معنایی جدیدی از مجموعه بر اساس تحلیل کهن الگویی، زبان عرفان دوره ایلخانی و رمزگان معماری بدست می آید.

Jung's Archetypes manifestation in architectural structures of Chalabi Oghlu mystic tomb's collection

The Chalabi Oghlu Shrine with a mysticalspiritual space is one of the structures which is based on the fundamental thinking of the mysticism. And these concepts have influenced the formation of the architecture of this collection. Archetypes are universal facts that derive from human unconscious mind and are integrated in to human conscious mind as a global collaborative information in the form of imagery.The concept of an archetype appears in areas relating to behavior, historical psychological theory, and literary analysis. To break the gap between the apparent and the hidden part of their minds, and to understand the archetypes, humans need the sources, such as symbols, myths, dreams, and memories. Archetypes start appearing when they find content, because they are  empty and have no meaning without content and on themselves alone. Architecture is a medium for the expression of human collective unconscious, universal myths, dreams and memories which act as a symbol in architectural spaces. One of the key archetypes that has been introduced in Jungchr('39')s analytic psychology is the archetype of process of individuality that deals with spiritual questions about the meaning of life and the goal of creation. The purpose of this paper is to answer the question of : whether by achieving semantic concepts of these archetypes, can one understand the archetype concepts and how they are objectified in the mystical space of this tomb collection. Based on the purpose of this study, which is the recognition of archetypes semantic concepts, using historical interpretation method, the techniques used in sign perception have been used. The word solouk(a way of conduct in mystical journey) means going, but it is a special kind of going, which has different meanings for different groups. There is a controversy among the mystics about the precedence and steps of solouk(mystical journey).The number of these steps starts from three stages and continues to hundreds of steps. Despite all the controversies, they all agree that the mystic must attain the knowledge of God. With this knowledge he reaches perfection, and this knowledge is obtained by walking through the stages of solouk and desirable achievement. Despite the coherence of  mystical views on the stages of solouk (mystical journey), the basis of discussion and comparison in this research is the opinions of the mystics before the seventh century. In many number of sources, mystical journey has been studied and compared with the archetype of individuality process.Explaining the archetypes semantic concepts, in the gnostic space of the Chalabi Oghlu tombchr('39') collection:1. Archetype Birth, Death, ReincarnationThe tendency towards the beginning of new life and rebirth has always been of human interest and is one of the most important common concepts created in the collective consciousness of humankind. Jung has also referred to many archetypes in his works, but in the ”Four Archetypes: Mother, Rebirth, Spirit, Trickster” book he gives an example of an archetype that, in most of his other works, has been one of the most controversial archetypes. And that is the archetype of rebirth. In the Chalabi Oghlu Shrine, this archetype has been used in a hierarchical manner and  with physical combination of spaces in addition to the mystical hierarchy, it has been viewed as a symbol of the spiritual path and the desirable end. The path which has started from the entrance and the corridors and the zaviye khademan(cornerstones of the servants) and taliban jannat(cornerstone of heaven volunteers) and with the social activities, which gradually disappears from this state and takes on a personal nature. And After the transition from the spaces of solitary chambers, and samaakhaane(mystical dance chamber), provision is made for entering the tomb. As previously mentioned, this archetype includes within itself innumerable archetypes, such as the individuality process, which is embodied in accordance with mystical conduct in the architectural structure of the Chalabi Oghlu shrine. 2. process of individuality archetypeAs mentioned earlier, the stages of the process of individuality are stated coinciding with the steps of mystical passage which requires knowing the relationship between these stages with the steps taken in the Chalabi Oghlu Shrine and how they are manifested in the architecture of complex. A. First step: recall or hunt of the self by the inner friend and confronting Persona (Mask) In the Chalabi Oghlu Tomb collection: The Poors stage and  The Taliban Jannat(heaven volunteers)B. Second Stage: Meeting the ShadowIn the Chalabi Oghlu shrine: Central courtyard, Porch, and solitary chambersC. Third Stage: Meeting Anima and AnimusIn the Chalabi Oghlu shrine: Sufa (Avon), Altar, House of Jamah (Jam House, and Sama House)D. Fourth Stage: Meeting the Self and Unity with the selfIn Chalabi Oghlu shrine: TombThe physical structure of this tomb complex conforms to the eight levels of mysticism, and the four stages of the individuality process archetype. And it is a medium for expressing these truths, which can be manifested in different ways.