سنجش و تحلیل فضایی هویت شهری در مقیاس نواحی شهر جدید هشتگرد

هویت شهری یکی از چالش های مهم شهرهای جدید است؛ چنان که ناهماهنگی، یکنواختی و عدم انطباق کارکردهای فضاهای شهری شهرهای جدید با نیازها، خواسته ها و تمایلات ساکنان، منجر به انقطاع ریشه های اتصال و ارتباط ساکنین با محیط و در نتیجه با یکدیگر و همچنین بروز آثار سوئی چون ناامنی، مسئولیت گریزی، دلزدگی و بی تفاوتی شده است. لذا، شناخت عوامل هویت بخش شهرهای جدید، میزان برخورداری این شهرها از عوامل مربوطه و نقاط قوت، ضعف، فرصت ها و تهدیدهای رویاروی هر یک از نواحی این شهرها می تواند تاثیر بسزایی در جلوگیری از بحران هویتی در شهرهای جدید داشته باشد. پژوهش حاضر در جهت تحقق اهداف فوق و با رویکردی تحلیلی تبیینی صورت پذیرفته است و 70 شاخص سنجش و ارزیابی هویت شهری، با واکاوی و بررسی گسترده مطالعات جهانی و داخلی و توجه به شرایط بومی خاص شهر جدید هشتگرد استخراج و مستندسازی گردیده است. داده های گردآوری شده از طریق پرسش نامه که با حجم نمونه 516 نفری و با روش نمونه گیری خوشه ای در نواحی 12 گانه این شهر توزیع شده است با استفاده از تحلیل عاملی جهت تعیین عوامل نهایی تبیین کننده هویت شهر جدید هشتگرد و رتبه بندی نواحی مورد مطالعه بر اساس وضعیت مطلوبیت آنها در ارتباط با عوامل هویت شهری تحلیل شده است. نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد که 12 عامل در مجموع در حدود 60% موضوع هویت بخش شهر جدید هشتگرد را تبیین می کنند. مهم ترین این عوامل، عامل خاطره انگیزی و احساس وابستگی به مکان با تبیین حدود 8 درصد است. همچنین ناحیه 45 از نواحی مسکن مهر و ناحیه 41 از نواحی با سابقه در شهر به ترتیب، بدترین و بهترین وضعیت مطلوبیت هویتی را در میان نواحی شهر جدید هشتگرد دارند. در نهایت، نقاط قوت و ضعف و فرصت ها و تهدیدهای هویت بخشی در شهر جدید هشتگرد از طریق تحلیل استراتژیک محیطی تحلیل و جمع بندی گردیده است. یافته های پژوهش نشان می دهد که کیفیات کالبدی تنها یک بعد از تجربه مکان هستند و اهمیت ارتباطات اجتماعی که در مکان ها اتفاق می افتد نباید مورد غفلت قرار گیرد. به طوری که دلبستگی به مکان را می توان مبتنی برمشارکت مردم در مکان، میزان اشتغال به شبکه های اجتماعی و تعاملات فرهنگی، دانست. همچنین در مطالعه هویت شهری، شناخت مکان، کافی نیست؛ و افراد دلبستگی خود را با مکان براساس انتظارات خود که مبتنی بر تجارب قبلی از آنها از مکان های مشابه و فرایند شناختی آنهاست توسعه می دهند که رضایتمندی آنها از مکان به این شناخت بستگی دارد.

Spatial Measurement and Analysis of Urban Identity in The Districts of Hashtgerd New Town

Urban identity is one of the major challenges of new towns, the lack of which leads to a lack of solidarity and social participation of citizens to achieve urban development plans. Ignorance of subcultures and geographical location and climatic characteristics and diminishing attention to the dimensions of urban identity and urban social life based on original values ​​and indigenous identity, especially in the process of preparing development plans and the resulting inconsistency and uniformity in new towns, not only appearance. It has created an unfavorable and unfamiliar environment for the residents, but it has affected all aspects of social, economic and environmental life in urban communities. On the other hand, urban spaces in these cities do not evoke an identity for their residents due to the incompatibility of its functions with human needs and the lack of human needs according to the demands, desires and preferences different from other cities. This leads to discontinuation or basically no formation of the roots of the connection and connection of residents with the environment and as a result with each other, as well as the occurrence of adverse effects such as insecurity, irresponsibility, boredom and indifference. Hence, new towns that are not very old and whose inhabitants are generally born elsewhere and have different cultures from each other, to create dynamism and vitality and to avoid becoming a dormitory city, dry and barren. The spirit and context for social solidarity and the production of memories in a collective environment must be able to draw their own distinct identities. Therefore, recognizing the identity factors of new towns, the extent to which these cities have relevant factors and strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats facing each of these areas can have a significant impact on preventing the identity crisis in new towns. The present study was carried out in order to achieve the above goals and with an analyticalexplanatory approach. In this regard, 70 indicators for measuring and evaluating urban identity in the new town of Hashtgerd were extracted by extensive analysis of global and domestic studies and special local conditions of the new town of Hashtgerd. And has been documented. The data collected through a questionnaire with a sample size of 516 people and distributed by cluster sampling in 12 districts of the city, using factor analysis to determine the final factors explaining the identity of the new town of Hashtgerd And the ranking of the studied areas has been analyzed based on their desirability in relation to urban identity factors. The results show that 12 factors in total explain about 60% of the identity of the new town of Hashtgerd. The most important of these factors is the factor of memory and feeling of dependence on place with an explanation of about 8%. Also, 45 districts of Mehr housing areas and 14 districts with historical backgrounds in the city have the worst and best status of identity desirability among the districts of Hashtgerd new town, respectively. Finally, the strengths and weaknesses and opportunities and threats of identification in the new town of Hashtgerd have been analyzed and summarized through strategic environmental analysis. Research findings show that physical qualities are only one dimension of the experience of place and the importance of social communication that takes place in places should not be neglected. So that attachment to the place can be considered based on the participation of people in the place, the level of employment in social networks and cultural interactions. As the establishment of social interactions in urban spaces, it is possible for the individual to make sense of it. Thus, attachment to the place develops with the growth of positive interaction of people and their social adaptation in the place, and how the person is present in the place with others is a strong factor in the personchr('39')s decision to stay in it. In this regard, people may even be looking for places where people with similar characteristics in terms of class, ethnicity, religion, economic group, lifestyle, education, income, how to raise children and the same race. But while homogeneity encourages meetings and increased interaction with physical and social places and thus promotes attachment to that place, heterogeneous social places are also an opportunity for people to experience togetherness and rich and free social interactions. On the other hand, the research findings show that in the study of urban identity, knowing the place is not enough, and this is an emotional state that arises from important events in onechr('39')s life and the context of creating and developing the process of identification with a particular place. Also, people develop their attachment to the place based on their expectations, which are based on their previous experiences of similar places and their cognitive process, on which their satisfaction with the place depends. Satisfaction in place also depends on this knowledge and factors such as facilities, place fit with performance and context, stability, visual characteristics, management, economic value of the place, residentschr('39') perception of similar units and the social context of the place. The presence of people in the process of creating a place also makes them feel better about that place. This leads to attachment to the place, development of social connections, preservation of historical roots, feeling of peace and security in the place.