فراتحلیل کیفی مقالات علمی ناظر بر مطالعات شهر ایرانی اسلامی

شهر ایرانی اسلامی انگاره ای است که به دلیل تداخل فرهنگی، سوالات بسیاری در باب چیستی، ماهیت و ویژگی های آن مطرح بوده است و نظام های علمی گوناگون، از زوایای مختلف بدان پرداخته و تلاش در تبیین و تشریح آن داشته اند؛ که نشانگر حجم بالایی از سوءتعبیرها و آشفتگی ها درباره این انگاره و مفاهیم، موضوعات و اهداف مرتبط با آن است. از سویی ورود اندیشه مدرنیسم در فرهنگ و ادب ایرانی، علاوه بر نمود ذهنی، نمود عینی خود را در کالبد شهرهای ایرانی با معماری و شهرسازی ایرانی اسلامی وارد نمود است؛ و عناصر کالبدی موجود شهر ایرانی اسلامی را تحت تاثیر خود قرار داده است و موجب از دست دادن هویت، انسجام و پایداری شهری شهر ایرانی اسلامی شده است که وجود مطالعات بسیار در این زمینه گویای اهمیت این موضوع می باشد. هدف این پژوهش فراتحلیل مقالات با موضوع شهر ایرانی اسلامی، برای ارائه جمع بندی و دسته بندی یافته ها از آخرین تلاش های علمی انجام گرفته در ارتباط با موضوع و بررسی نظریات به کارگرفته شده در این پژوهش ها می باشد. بدین سبب این مقاله در چارچوب فراتحلیل کیفی که یکی از برترین کوشش های محققان برای غلبه بر نارسایی ها و تعارضات پژوهش ها در علوم اجتماعی است با شناسایی 92 مقاله علمی پژوهشی به شیوه تمام شماری نمونه های در دسترس به تحلیل و بررسی مطالعاتی در زمینه شهر ایرانی اسلامی پرداخته است؛ چرا که نتایج این نوع پژوهش ها از یک سو به معرفی کامل همه پژوهش های انجام شده درباره یک موضوع می پردازد و باعث پرهیز از دوباره کاری می شود و از سوی دیگر با ترسیم توانایی ها و کاستی های پژوهش ها، افق های پژوهشی جدیدی را به روی پژوهشگران می گشاید. نتایج پژوهش نشان می دهد که مهم ترین مولفه های مطالعات شهر ایرانی اسلامی که مورد توجه بیشتر پژوهشگران واقع شده اند عبارت اند ا معنا و مفهوم شهر ایرانی اسلامی؛ ویژگی های تاریخی سازمان فضایی حیات شهری شهر ایرانی اسلامی؛ اصول، قواعد و الگوهای شهر ایرانی اسلامی؛ هویت شهر ایرانی اسلامی؛ فضای شهری شهر ایرانی اسلامی؛ تحولات اجتماعی فرهنگی در شکل بندی و ساختار فضایی شهر ایرانی اسلامی؛ تاثیرات مدرنیسم بر شهر ایرانی اسلامی؛ وقف و در نهایت، عناصر کالبدی شهر ایرانی اسلامی از قبیل: محله، مسجد، میدان و بازار، که در دو بعد هستی شناسی (تاکید بر ابعاد وجودی) و چیستی شناسی (تاکید بر ابعاد ماهوی یا کالبدی) قابل تفکیک می باشند.

The Qualitative MetaAnalysis of Scientific Articles about the Iranian Islamic City

It is more than one century that the issue of Islamic city and then the IranianIslamic city has been noticed systematically and scientifically by the researchers and scholars. The study of the IranianIslamic city has been in the intersection of different kinds of scientific systems so that a large number of researchers including geographers, architects, historians, linguists, orientalists, urbanization experts, Islamists, urban planners and etc. have studied the issue of the IranianIslamic city and its characteristics. Due to the large number of these researchers, it is essential to categorize these studies to perceive the main trend in this field and also to recognize the concerned research vacuities. One of the main problems in this field is the large and basic discrepancy and disagreement in the studies. It is necessary to do the pathology of Islamic city studies in general and the IranianIslamic city studies specifically. These circumstances have caused ambiguity and confusion for the researchers and sometimes have made the conception and comprehension of the IranianIslamic city issue difficult. Most of the basic questions about the IranianIslamic city issue have been unanswered and subsequently there has been no substantial procedure in this issue. Therefore, it is of much significance to have a comprehensive approach toward the IranianIslamic city studies. Making a recent and original foundation in this field is not possible without the comprehensive analyses in the past studies and recognizing the strengths and weaknesses of them. Delavar believes that any researcher who intends to develop a specific science should first identify and study the previous studies carefully (Delavar, 2008, 9799); Whereas the issue of the IranianIslamic city has been noticed by many professors and students in recent years, according to the large number of the articles, theses, and dissertations about this issue, this research has been assigned to study the scientific articles on the IranianIslamic city.The main question of this research is the diagnostic study of doing the scientific researches about the IranianIslamic city, analytical conclusion, and suitable approaches. The main object of this research is the metaanalysis of the IranianIslamic city issue to conclude and categorize the latest findings of the scientific researches about this issue. The method of doing this research is metaanalysis. The systematic review and evaluation of practical researches in the field of the IranianIslamic city indicates that to achieve the scientific attention and concentration, such meta analyses are essential. Therefore, in this study, ninetytwo articles on the IranianIslamic city issue from 1974 to 2016 have been recognized through these scientific databases: Noor Specialized Magazines Website, Scientific Information Database, Magiran Information Database, Comprehensive Portal of Humanities and Cultural Studies. The information domain of this research is the articles that studied one or more factors of the IranianIslamic city issue specifically. Hence the specified factors were divided into two categories of nature and existence. In the nature dimension the fundamental and identifying attributes were surveyed and in the existence dimension the manifestation of existential factors and personal and public functions (SajadZadeh & Mosavi, 2014; Babich, 2003) of the IranianIslamic city were emphasized. The method of sampling in this research is to count the whole available samples. This matter is significant because the national identity of Iranian due to the cultural overlapping has been influenced by three kinds of civilizations including: Persian cultural identity, Islamic cultural identity and western cultural identity. Many questions have been propounded about the nature and existence of the Iranian identity and its attributes and different scientific systems have surveyed it from different points of view and have attempted to explain it so that it is the reflection of misinterpretations and disarrangements about this fact and different topics and goals relating to it. On the other hand, by the advent of obscure thoughts of modernism in Iranian culture and literature not only its conceptual demonstration but also the concrete demonstration of the modernism has been entered in the IranianIslamic architecture and urbanization so that the fundamental elements of the present IranianIslamic city are losing their identity. Moreover, the western culture and planning has affected these elements and has caused them to lose their identity and urban coherence and stability. This instability is called development and modernity and is increasing day by day. Therefore, the nature and identity of the Iranian Islamic city has faded because of the economic, social, and cultural evolutions and the unthinking impressions of the western symbols and the modern urbanization patterns. To apply them correctly the necessary approaches for the contemporary issues of the cities and also making the foundation of the comprehensive theories of the IranianIslamic city, the critical and pathological point of view of these studies are needed. Accordingly, in this research the most important factors of the IranianIslamic city studies are the meaning and conception of the IranianIslamic city; the identity of the IranianIslamic city; the historical features of spatial organization of the IranianIslamic city; the principals and patterns of the IranianIslamic city; the identity of the IranianIslamic city; the urban space of the IranianIslamic city; the socialcultural revolutions in the spatial formation and structure of the IranianIslamic city; the impacts of modernism on the IranianIslamic city; devotion , and finally the fundamental elements of the IranianIslamic city such as neighborhood, mosque, square, and bazaar.