تحلیل محلات بومی ایران از منظر معماری شیعی نمونه موردی: محله‌های بومی شهر همدان

مرکز محله های بومی شهر همدان که به فضای چمن شهرت دارند به عنوان یک فضای محلی در طی قرون متمادی جایگاه و اهمیت خود را از دست نداده؛ بلکه نقش تاریخی ارزشمندتری پیدا کرده اند و با دیدگاه های مختلف قابل ارزش گذاری می باشند. در فرهنگ اسلامی نیز جوانب مختلف هماهنگی ساختار مرکز محله های بومی شهر همدان با قوانین تشیع مشهود است. چگونگی التزام مرکز محله های بومی همدان به ده قانون اجتهاد اسلامی عقل ابزار اجتهاد، ثبوت اصول، تفریع جزئیات، نسبیت اجتهاد، جامعیت قوانین، توجه به ساحت انسان، توجه به اولویت ها، هماهنگی با قوانین حاکمه، آزادی در برخی حوزه ها، احکام خمسه و احکام ثانویه مهم ترین سوال پژوهش پیش رو است. مرکز محله های بومی شهر همدان واجد ساختار کالبدی همگون می باشند و ساختار به کاررفته در مرکز محله های بومی همدان در تطابق با احکام عملی اجتهاد در تشیع است فرضیه پژوهش است و هدف پژوهش کشف احکام عملی معماری و شهرسازی اسلامی در محله با معرفی الگویی برجسته از مصادیق تجلی قوانین تشیع در معماری و شهرسازی اسلامی ایران است. راهبرد این پژوهش تاریخی تفسیری است و سامانه پژوهش بررسی رابطه تطبیقی قوانین اجتهاد اسلامی با قوانین طراحی مرکز محله است. درنهایت، الگوی ساختاری به کار رفته در مرکز محله های بومی شهر همدان به عنوان مصداق معماری شیعی معرفی می گردد. این الگوی محله محور ارائه دهنده احکام عملی معماری و شهرسازی اسلامی و راهکارهای طراحی شهرهای جدیدالاحداث با الگوی ایرانیاسلامی مانند شهر حورا در حومه همدان است.

Analyzing Native Iranian Neighborhoods from the Viewpoint of Shiite Architecture (Based on the Ten Rules of Ijtihad in Shi'ism)Case Study: Hamadan Native Neighborhoods

Vernacular community centers in Hamadan city are known Chaman spaces. These spaces as local spaces not only standing for centuries and have not lost their significance but also gradually have achieved to valuable historical role and are invaluable in different perspectives. Chaman spaces are valuable in Specifications of cultural, religious, economic, urban development, traffic and climatically design. At first the necessity and importance of studying these spaces and useful results obtained from studying referred. One of the most important issues that show off face this spaces is special architecture of Chaman spaces. Every city which modern human life in, every day has a new aspect. As far as if after a few years away, come back to his native city, encounter with an unfamiliar face of the city. So cannot easily relationship this new mask with diary previous. Although, in some parts of the Hamadan historic city, dynamic community centers found that these urban living spaces designed in the base of human needs and behaviors. In Chaman space Physical comfort are supplied by the lifegiving earth elements (water and plant), needs of Livelihood are provided with commercial applications and spiritual needs responded by religious and cultural spaces. These are important characteristics of community centers in Hamadan which in terms of common are known Chaman . These spaces are part of the social and cultural identity of Hamadan. Chaman spaces and buildings around it is still a special place located at the nodes of the city and qualified values are a sign of a city.In Islamic culture, various aspects of the structure of vernacular community centers in Hamadan city is coordinated with Islam laws. How are vernacular community centers in Hamadan commitment to the ten principles of Islamic jurisprudence is the most research question: Reason as a tool of jurisprudence, fixing the principles, ramify details of general principles, Relativity in jurisprudence, Integrity all the rules, paying attention to all aspects of the human, according to priorities and expediencies, Harmony with the laws ruling, Full freedom in some areas, Five task orders, Secondary and governmental laws. The hypothesis of this research is: Vernacular community centers in Hamadan are outstanding example of Practical adherence to Islamic rules in Islamic architecture and urbanism of Iran. The aim of this research is Introducing the leading mode of examples manifestation of the principles of Islamic Iranian architecture and urbanism in local scale. So this research follows the proven correlation vernacular community centers in Hamadan as an example of Iran›s Islamic architectural with practice of Islamic laws. The system of this research is Historical interpretation and the strategy is correlation between vernacular community centers in Hamadan city and Islamic jurisprudence rules. The human base on Islam Have a fixed nature, so sustainability of these community centers in a long times shows harmony between communities with human necessities. Because of that answering to all human needs was paid attention. Response to the human physical dimension, the sense of sight with greenery, sense of hearing with sound of water and hearing the call to prayer, the sense of smell with the smell of flowers and the sense of touch to feel the breeze and air moisture and sense of taste with eating berries from the trees in these spaces respond. Response to the human Spiritual dimension also consider and provide with relaxation, social interaction, vitality and dynamism for the whole family.Finally, generally pattern and the structure used in the vernacular community centers in Hamadan will be presented. This pattern will provide solutions in designing the community centers with the Iranian Islamic model. Referral forms of pattern Chaman spaces will be efficient in maintenance and repair and revival of existing Islamic community center. The most important principles used in the vernacular community centers of Hamadan city that have been derived from Islamic jurisprudence practical rules are: Gathering the essential needs of neighborhood residents, answering the environmental, cultural and economic needs of neighborhood residents, Priority to pedestrians on the roadway in the campus of community center, Respecting for the rights of neighbors with the building houses in the same heighten in the community and the lack of dominating on houses in the community, Responding to all aspects of human existence, Observing the hierarchy. Discover the pattern used in the body of lawn space can also be very efficient in providing design solutions for neighborhood open spaces.