مقایسه سبک شناختی معماری مساجد ایرانی و شعر فارسی

شرایط اجتماعی، سیاسی، اقتصادی و فرهنگی در هر جامعه در پیدایش و رواج انواع هنرها نقشی اساسی دارد. تغییر در این شرایط، تغییر در سبک های هنری را سبب می شود. این پژوهش، در پی پاسخ گویی به این پرسش هاست که آیا شرایط ویژه& ی اجتماعی و فرهنگی در هر برهه ی تاریخی تاثیری مشابه بر سبک های شعر فارسی و معماری مساجد ایرانی بر جای گذارده است یا خیر؛ و اگر آری، این همانندی ها بر چه دلالت دارد. علاوه بر این، آیا می توان عناصری یافت که در همه سبک ها و همه دوره ها تکرار شود؛ و اگر آری، وجود این عناصر مشترک را چگونه می توان تفسیر نمود.پژوهش توصیفی تحلیلیِ حاضر، برای یافتن پاسخ پرسش های فوق، با مقایسه ی ویژگی های سبک شناختیِ شعر فارسی و معماری مساجد، به این نتیجه می رسد که در هر دوره ی تاریخی، سبک های شعر و معماری، شباهات عمیقی با یکدیگر داشته اند؛ به طوری که می توان سبک خراسانی در معماری را متناظر با سبک خراسانی در شعر به حساب آورد. سبک رازی را متناظر با سبک دوره ی سلجوقی، شیوه ی آذری را با سبک عراقی و سبک معماری اصفهانی را با سبک شعر اصفهانی (هندی) قرین دانست. این شباهت ها وجود ندارد مگر به علت وجود روحی مشترک در ارکان گوناگون فرهنگی جامعه. این روح مشترک، دو ساحت دارد: 1 ساحت زمان مند (روح زمانه= روح دوران): این ساحت در هر دوره بنا بر مقتضیات همان دوره (شرایط ویژه ی اجتماعی، اقتصادی، سیاسی و فرهنگی) سبب بروز و ظهور همانندی بین سبک های هنری می شود؛ اما در ضمن از آن جا که زمان مند است، حاوی وجوه افتراق با دوره های قبل و بعد نیز هست. 2 ساحت فرازمانی (روح ملت): این بعد مشتمل بر پاره ای عناصر تکرار شونده است که در ادوار مختلف و در سبک های هنری گوناگون، حضوری ثابت دارند؛ بدون این که تحت تاثیر عوامل بیرونی قرار گیرند؛ یا منتسب به سبکی خاص باشند. این عناصر تکرارشونده، در مجموع، شاکله ی واحدی را می سازند که همان روح ملت ایران است.

Comparing of Stylistic of Iranian Mosques Architecture and Persian Poetry

Art Style means the way of expressing the ideas, conscious or unconscious thoughts and emotions of the artist in his/her work. Social, political, economic and cultural conditions in any society has an essential role in the emergence and promotion of art styles. The changes in these conditions, will cause changes in artistic styles. In the Persian literary history, Persian poetry styles have divided into the styles of Khorasani, Iraqi, Isfahani (Hindi) and literary return period style. The styles of Iranian architecture in the Islamic era that are embodied in the construction of mosques are Khorasani, Razi, Azari and Esfahani styles. In both areas, for each of the styles, according to its historical period, we can suppose some minor styles, which these minor styles will help to more accurate evaluation.This research tries to answer this question that whether the specific social and cultural conditions in a historical period have had similar effects on the styles of Persian poetry and the architecture of Iranian mosques or not; if so, what do these similarities signify? Moreover, can any elements be found that they be repeatable in all styles and in all eras, and if so, how can these common elements be interpreted? The importance of this issue is that, inevitably, we have to review and evaluate all aspects of our culture fields, to know our cultural identity, correctly. It is a crucial requirement of our culture that, to know that whether the various cultural manifestations are separate Islands and apart islands from each other, that have not any relationship with each other, or a unique same sun gives life and warmth to all of them, But as far as the writer is aware, any independent research has not been done on this issue, yet. This research, which is based on descriptive analysis, at first, has explored the architectural styles of mosques and then it has studied the styles of Persian poetry. And the next step is to compare the styles of architecture and poetry, respectively.To explain the social and cultural transformations and its impact on the development of artistic styles, among various opinions, Pytryn Alexander Sorokin comments Russian descent sociologist, residing in America is more eloquent. The article, in the next step, has explored sociocultural developments and its role in the genesis of artistic styles.The current study with comparing the stylistic of Persian poetry characteristics and mosques architecture, concludes that, poetry and architecture styles, have had profound similarities in every historical period. So that Khorasani style in architecture can be taken into account corresponding to Khorasani style in poetry; Razi style can be associated with style Seljuk periodstyle, and also Azeri style with Iraqi style and  Esfahani architecture with poetry Esfahani style (Hindi) were associated. These cultural similarities are due to common spirit in the different aspects of society. These common spirit, has two dimensions: 1. the temporal dimension (Zeitgeist= spirit of the age): This dimension in each period according to the requirements of the same period (Special conditions of social, economic, political and cultural), causes the emergence of similarity between the artistic styles, But because it is temporal, it also Contains differences with the pre and post periods. 2. Atemporality dimension (spirit of the Nation): This dimension contains some repeating elements that at different periods and in various artistic styles, have a constant presence, without being under the effect of external factors, or without attributing to a particular style. These repeating elements, will Make a single configuration that is spirit of the nation of Iran. This unit spirit of culture, like an invisible string, will collect reproduced Works in the field of thought and culture under a unit flag. This flag, is our 'cultural identity'. Perception of the spirit of Iranian culture  which has deep spiritual richness in companionship with Islamic culture, only is achieved when, with insight and enlightenment, we remove the curtain from the face of spiritual and cultural heritage, to percept the unique truth that lies on its backend.